Las Preposiciones

When do we use the preposition "de"? [12.B.4]

(1) Ownership (2) Nationality (3) Point of departure or origin (4) It is placed before an infinitive to express PURPOSE (5) To indicate what something is made of (6) Subject (7) Physical appearance (8) Estar de + new/temp occupation (9) Estar de + noun to describe conditions

When do we use the preposition "en"? [12.B.5]

(1) Specifies where someone/something is located (2) To mean on, on top of (3) With ordinals and infinitives in expressions like "the first who" [Ex: Rosie siempre es la primera en llegar.] (4) With months, years and other time expressions not including days [Ex: En junio hay vacaciones.]

When do we use the preposition "a"? [12.B.2]

(1) Time [La cita es a las tres.] (2) Time that has passed before something happens/happened. [Me graduó a los dos años.] (3) Destination with verbs of motion [Llegamos a casa] (4) Distance from a location [El correo está a dos calles de la iglesia] (5) Al + infinitivo [Al contar el dinero, faltaba un dólar.]

When do we use the preposition "con"? [12.B.3]

(1) To mean with/together with (2) To signal the use of tools (3) With a noun in adverbial phrases or to indicate frequency/manner [Ex: Viajo con frecuencia. Te ayudo con gusto.] (4) Condition. [Ex: Con precios tan altos, no puedo comprar nada.]

After a preposition, the pronoun for the first- and second-person singular (yo, tú) ... [12.B.1]

... changes to mi(') and ti Exception: They stay the same after the prepositions entre, segun, excepto and salvo

Cuando los chicos vayan ( ) la escuela, lo discutimos.

A

Necesito una nueva actividad ( ) la cual entretenerme en las tardes.

Con

What happens to mí and ti after con? [12.B.3]

Con + mí becomes "conmigo"; Con + ti becomes "contigo" Sí takes the form "consigo," and can be used with mismo/misma to talk about yourself [Ex: Pensé que Lisa hablaba consigo misma pero ¡estaba conversando en su celular!]

Hoy habrá una manifestación ( ) la violencia doméstica.

Contra

El diálogo permite avanzar ( ) la paz.

Hacia

Explicaré la lección ( ) un ejemplo.

Mediante

La hojarasca es la novela en la que se menciona ( ) primera vez a Macondo, el famoso pueblo de Cien años de soledad.

Por

Recuerdo con nostalgia una animación japonesa ( ) una niña huérfana.

Sobre

What is the personal a? When do we use it? [12.B.2]

The personal a indicates that the direct object in a sentence is a person/personified [Ex: Conozco a mis vecinos] (1) Must be used before indefinite pronouns when they refer to people. This includes nadie, alguno, todos. (2) It's omitted when the direct object does not have a determiner. [Ex: Necesitamos ingenieros especializados.] (3) It's omitted after tener as long as it is NOT followed by an indefinite pronoun. [Ex: Tenemos muchos amigos. No tenemos a nadie para ese trabajo.] (4) The personal a is also used to indicate the indirect object in a sentence. [Ex: Le doy un regalo a Luis.]

This pronoun does not change after a preposition [12.B.1]

Vos [second-person collective] para vos [for you] con vos [with you]

según

according to

tras

after, behind

contra

against

a

at, to

ante

before, facing

antes/después (de + algo)

before/after (doing) something

entre

between

durante

during

excepto, salvo

except, apart from

por

for, because of, by

para

for, to, in order to, by

desde

from, since

de

of, from

en

on, in, at

sobre

over, about

Por favor, utilice este medicamento ( ) las instrucciones del médico.

según

mediante

through, by means of

asistir (a + algo)

to attend (something)

estar en la cúspide

to be at the heigh/peak

estar en la ignorancia

to be ignorant

estar en la oscuridad

to be in the dark

estar en la pobreza

to be poor

estar en silencio

to be silent

empezar/comenzar (a + infinitivo)

to begin (to do something)

quejarse (de + algo)

to complain (about something)

volver (a + infinitivo)

to do something again

soñar con

to dream about

enamorarse (de + alguien)

to fall in love (with someone)

luchar por

to fight/struggle for

olvidarse (de + algo)

to forget (something)

casarse con

to get married to

acostumbrarse (a + algo)

to get used (to something)

esforzarse por/para/en

to give effort to

ir (a + infinitivo/lugar)

to go (someplace/do something)

acabar (de + infinitivo)

to have just finished something

ayudar (a + infinitivo)

to help (to do something)

darse cuenta (de + algo)

to realize (something)

dejar (de + infinitivo)

to stop (doing something)

pensar en

to think about

confiar en

to trust in

tratar (de + infinitivo)

to try (to do something)

preocuparse por

to worry about

hacia

toward

bajo

under

hasta

until

con

with

sin

without