Las Preposiciones
When do we use the preposition "de"? [12.B.4]
(1) Ownership (2) Nationality (3) Point of departure or origin (4) It is placed before an infinitive to express PURPOSE (5) To indicate what something is made of (6) Subject (7) Physical appearance (8) Estar de + new/temp occupation (9) Estar de + noun to describe conditions
When do we use the preposition "en"? [12.B.5]
(1) Specifies where someone/something is located (2) To mean on, on top of (3) With ordinals and infinitives in expressions like "the first who" [Ex: Rosie siempre es la primera en llegar.] (4) With months, years and other time expressions not including days [Ex: En junio hay vacaciones.]
When do we use the preposition "a"? [12.B.2]
(1) Time [La cita es a las tres.] (2) Time that has passed before something happens/happened. [Me graduó a los dos años.] (3) Destination with verbs of motion [Llegamos a casa] (4) Distance from a location [El correo está a dos calles de la iglesia] (5) Al + infinitivo [Al contar el dinero, faltaba un dólar.]
When do we use the preposition "con"? [12.B.3]
(1) To mean with/together with (2) To signal the use of tools (3) With a noun in adverbial phrases or to indicate frequency/manner [Ex: Viajo con frecuencia. Te ayudo con gusto.] (4) Condition. [Ex: Con precios tan altos, no puedo comprar nada.]
After a preposition, the pronoun for the first- and second-person singular (yo, tú) ... [12.B.1]
... changes to mi(') and ti Exception: They stay the same after the prepositions entre, segun, excepto and salvo
Cuando los chicos vayan ( ) la escuela, lo discutimos.
A
Necesito una nueva actividad ( ) la cual entretenerme en las tardes.
Con
What happens to mí and ti after con? [12.B.3]
Con + mí becomes "conmigo"; Con + ti becomes "contigo" Sí takes the form "consigo," and can be used with mismo/misma to talk about yourself [Ex: Pensé que Lisa hablaba consigo misma pero ¡estaba conversando en su celular!]
Hoy habrá una manifestación ( ) la violencia doméstica.
Contra
El diálogo permite avanzar ( ) la paz.
Hacia
Explicaré la lección ( ) un ejemplo.
Mediante
La hojarasca es la novela en la que se menciona ( ) primera vez a Macondo, el famoso pueblo de Cien años de soledad.
Por
Recuerdo con nostalgia una animación japonesa ( ) una niña huérfana.
Sobre
What is the personal a? When do we use it? [12.B.2]
The personal a indicates that the direct object in a sentence is a person/personified [Ex: Conozco a mis vecinos] (1) Must be used before indefinite pronouns when they refer to people. This includes nadie, alguno, todos. (2) It's omitted when the direct object does not have a determiner. [Ex: Necesitamos ingenieros especializados.] (3) It's omitted after tener as long as it is NOT followed by an indefinite pronoun. [Ex: Tenemos muchos amigos. No tenemos a nadie para ese trabajo.] (4) The personal a is also used to indicate the indirect object in a sentence. [Ex: Le doy un regalo a Luis.]
This pronoun does not change after a preposition [12.B.1]
Vos [second-person collective] para vos [for you] con vos [with you]
según
according to
tras
after, behind
contra
against
a
at, to
ante
before, facing
antes/después (de + algo)
before/after (doing) something
entre
between
durante
during
excepto, salvo
except, apart from
por
for, because of, by
para
for, to, in order to, by
desde
from, since
de
of, from
en
on, in, at
sobre
over, about
Por favor, utilice este medicamento ( ) las instrucciones del médico.
según
mediante
through, by means of
asistir (a + algo)
to attend (something)
estar en la cúspide
to be at the heigh/peak
estar en la ignorancia
to be ignorant
estar en la oscuridad
to be in the dark
estar en la pobreza
to be poor
estar en silencio
to be silent
empezar/comenzar (a + infinitivo)
to begin (to do something)
quejarse (de + algo)
to complain (about something)
volver (a + infinitivo)
to do something again
soñar con
to dream about
enamorarse (de + alguien)
to fall in love (with someone)
luchar por
to fight/struggle for
olvidarse (de + algo)
to forget (something)
casarse con
to get married to
acostumbrarse (a + algo)
to get used (to something)
esforzarse por/para/en
to give effort to
ir (a + infinitivo/lugar)
to go (someplace/do something)
acabar (de + infinitivo)
to have just finished something
ayudar (a + infinitivo)
to help (to do something)
darse cuenta (de + algo)
to realize (something)
dejar (de + infinitivo)
to stop (doing something)
pensar en
to think about
confiar en
to trust in
tratar (de + infinitivo)
to try (to do something)
preocuparse por
to worry about
hacia
toward
bajo
under
hasta
until
con
with
sin
without
