Law Chapter 13

The right to counsel contained within the Miranda ruling applies only when the subject of an interrogation

8th

The Supreme Court ruled in Burdeau V. McDowell that ____ applies only to the actions of government agents an does not apply to private citizens or security employees

Bill of Rights

The first ten amendments to the United States Constitution are also known as the

Bill of Rights

The U.S Supreme Court has ruled that a warrantless search of a vehicle is valid if the police have probable cause to believe that the car contains evidence that they are seeking. This decision is known a

Carroll Doctrine

Due to the mobility of an automobile, this case allowed police to search automobiles upon probable cause but without a search warrant

Carroll V. United States

This case allowed certain searches incident to arrest

Chimel V. Californa

The ____is an interpretation of the Fourteenth Amendment by the U.S Supreme Court that holds that evidence seized in violation of the U.S Constitution cannot be used in court against a defendant

Due process

This constitutional amendment protects against unreasonable searches and seizures

Fourth

This constitutional amendment states, "The right that no warrants shall issue but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized."

Fourth

Process by which actions of the police in areas such as arrests, search and seizure, and interrogations are reviewed by the U.S court system at various levels to ensure the constitutionality of these actions

Judicial Review

This case applies the exclusionary rule to all states

Mapp V. Ohio

_____ was the vehicle in the Supreme Court used for applying the exclusionary rule to state courts

Mapp V. Ohio

This case ruled that a person in police custody must be advised of his or her constitutional rights prior to interrogation or the information obtained can be excluded

Miranda V. Arizona

"Evidence that may lead a reasonable person to believe that a crime has been committed and that a certain person committed it" is the definition of

Probable Cause

This case allowed searches during field interrogations, also known as "pat downs"

Terry V. Ohio

The almost "official" police practice of obtaining confessions by use of brutality and violence

Third Degree

The pattern of brutality and violence used by the police to obtain confessions by suspects is known as

Third Degree

This case established the exclusionary rule in federal courts

Weeks V. United States

The questioning of a person in police custody regarding his or her participation in a crime is called

custodial interrigation

If evidence is found to be in violation of the exclusionary rule, it must be

excluded

Evidence that may lead a reasonable person to believe that a crime has been committed and that a certain person committed it is known as

probable cause

The standard necessary for a police officer to make an arrest is known as

probable cause

The standard of proof that is necessary for police officers to conduct stops and frisks is known as

reasonable suspicion

A _____ is the detaining of a person by a law enforcement officer for the purpose of investigation, accompanied by a superficial examination of the person's body surface or clothing to discover weapons, contraband, or other objects relating to criminal activity

stop and frisk

A border search can be made

without probable cause