Learning Curve 11
What was one of the strategies that evangelical abolitionists used to attack slavery beginning in the 1830s?
Bombarding Congress with petitions to end slavery
What was Ralph Waldo Emerson's central message about what the individual had to "transcend"?
Existing customs
Why did Ralph Waldo Emerson encourage listeners and readers to seek transcendence to a higher reality?
He wanted them to experience self-realization.
What aspect of transcendentalism is seen in Henry David Thoreau's statement, "If a man does not keep pace with his companions, perhaps it is because he hears a different drummer"?
Individualism
What was the American Anti-Slavery Society's most successful tactic in affecting public opinion?
Mailing abolitionist pamphlets throughout the country
Which statement summarizes the publication of Herman Melville's Moby Dick?
Middle-class readers rejected the dark narrative.
Which city was the most important center of urban popular culture in the United States between 1820 and 1860?
New York
What former minister who moved to Concord, Massachusetts, was the leading voice of transcendentalism?
Ralph Waldo Emerson
Why did Ralph Waldo Emerson's ideas have the greatest impact on the middle class?
The middle class had already embraced moral perfection and moral free agency.
Phalanxes were based on the ideas of which French utopian?
Charles Fourier
The main motivation for Nat Turner's revolt in Southampton County, Virginia, in 1831 was
Christian faith.
Conversations on Common Things (1824) was written by what woman reformer of the early and mid-nineteenth century?
Dorothea Dix
Who convinced one state legislature after another to expand state hospitals in order to accommodate the mentally ill beginning in the 1840s?
Dorothea Dix
What practice did the Shakers adopt as a result of their belief that God was both male and female?
Eliminating gender distinctions
Based on this chart, which of the following may have contributed to the largest surge of immigration in the nineteenth century?
External factors
What statement describes the Mormon practice of polygamy in the nineteenth century?
It was opposed by some within their church as well as non-Mormon Christians outside it.
Why did Brook Farm fail?
It was unable to become economically self-sufficient.
Why did the Georgia legislature offer a $5,000 reward for the capture of William Lloyd Garrison?
Legislators charged Garrison with inciting rebellion.
Why did the Virginia assembly reject a bill providing for the gradual emancipation and colonization abroad of African Americans in 1831?
Nat Turner's Rebellion had raised the fear of black violence.
Moral reform was primarily a women's movement to attack what problem?
Prostitution
What was a strategy that evangelical abolitionists used to attack slavery beginning in the 1830s?
Publicizing the evils of slavery
By the 1840s, approximately one thousand escaped slaves reached freedom in northern states or Canada each year in what way?
Receiving help from the Underground Railroad
Why were most teachers women by the 1850s?
School boards believed that women were better suited for the profession.
Mother Ann's followers were known by what name?
Shakers
Why did the Mormon community in Utah succeed?
Shared hard work
What was Margaret Fuller's most significant contribution to transcendental philosophy?
She believed that men and women were equally capable of transcendence.
Why did young girls in mid-nineteenth century cities turn to prostitution?
Some poor young women did not like the alternative ways of making a living.
To whom did Brook Farm primarily appeal?
Teachers, writers, and students
Which of the following is suggested by the illustration that accompanied David Walker's An Appeal . . . to the Colored Citizens of the World (1829)?
That blacks on earth had a divine right to justice and liberty
An 1852 article titled "You Shall Not Sell" in the American Temperance Magazine stated that words "are a delusion. . . . The drunkard's mental and physical condition pronounces them an absurdity. . . . Reason with a man when all reason has fled, and it is doubtful whether he or you is the greater fool. . . . Place this man we have been describing out of the reach of temptation. . . . Thus, and thus only, will reformation and temperance be secured. And how is this accomplished? Never except through the instrumentality of the law." What point was the author of the article trying to make?
That laws could bring about temperance where other efforts failed
What was the name of the informal network of whites and free blacks in cities throughout the South that aided escaped slaves in their painstaking journey north?
The Underground Railroad
What movement, which was launched in 1826, hosted lectures and discussions in many different towns and counted Ralph Waldo Emerson as its most popular speaker?
The lyceum
Which statement explains the popularity of minstrelsy after 1830?
The shows united white Americans in their sense of superiority over blacks.
Which of the following statements is accurate, based on this map?
There were virtually no communal experiments in the South.
How did northern white populations respond to African Americans' efforts to gain "respectability" in the early republic?
They lashed out violently.
What effect did Albert Brisbane believe that the formation of groups called phalanxes would have on gender relations?
They would liberate women.
William Lloyd Garrison's insistence on broadening the abolitionist agenda split the organization by pushing out which group?
Those who did not support women's rights
How did African Americans of the urban North aim to accomplish social uplift from the 1790s onward?
Through temperance and hard work
What was the point of the ideology of the "separate sphere" promoted in the mid-nineteenth century by men like the evangelical minister Philemon Fowler?
Women should focus on domestic life, not public life.
Perfectionists of the early 1800s believed that freedom from sin was possible
because the Second Coming of Christ had already occurred.