Learning Curve: 11c The Social-Cognitive Perspective and Exploring the Self

_____ refers to giving priority to goals of one's group (often one's extended family or work group) and defining one's identity accordingly.

Collectivism

Carl learns that he failed an exam. His self-esteem is temporarily lowered, and he is more likely to: be extra critical about his wife's cooking. express some underlying racial prejudice. make disparaging comments about his mother-in-law.

Correct: react in all of the ways listed. react in all of the ways listed.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a collectivist culture?

The importance of self-reliance and individual achievement are emphasized.

People are more likely to perceive themselves favorably. This is known as:

a self-serving bias.

After the world chess championships, the winner thanked his family and friends for their support, and stated how happy he was to make his family proud and thanked them once again. From this interview, it is likely that he is from a(n) _____ culture.

collectivist

Sherry has to give her first speech in her communications class, and she is very anxious. Her advisor informs her of the spotlight effect and encourages her to _____ in order to decrease her anxiety.

imagine herself in the role of a spectator

Research suggests that _____ self-esteem can cause undesirable behaviors in people.

low and inflated

Mr. Jones attended a training which suggested that kids with high self-esteem tended to be less shy, feel less pressured to conform, and persevere when tasks are difficult, so he decided to give his struggling students random rewards and weekly self-esteem boosting messages. Research suggests that the result would have:

lower grades and increased passivity.

Jenna was raised by loving, devoted parents who always encouraged her to do her best and who appreciated her efforts. As a result, Jenna has high self-esteem. When she begins her first year of college, she is more likely to:

persist even if the task is difficult.

Jeannette often expects the worst of people, and yesterday she thought Sarah was mad at her because Sarah asked another friend out for coffee. As a result, Jeannette ignored Sarah's texts, angering Sarah. But in truth, Jeannette created the situation to which she was reacting. This is an example of:

reciprocal determinism

Sarah's optimism is both a contributor to and a product of her successful career accomplishments. This best illustrates:

reciprocal determinism.

Defensive self-esteem is to fragility as _____ self-esteem is to sturdiness.

secure

Reciprocal determinism involves environmental, behavioral, and internal cognitive factors that are proposed by the _____ perspective.

social-cognitive

The _____ perspective emphasizes that personality is the result of interactions between people and their situations. The way one thinks about a situation affects one's behavior.

social-cognitive

When Lydia noticed she was wearing mismatched socks, she overestimated the extent to which others would also notice. Her reaction best illustrates the _____.

spotlight effect

John has noticed that his business partner's personality varies depending on the situation. When making judgments, he would be more accurate if he bases his judgments on his partner's behavior:

when he is feeling relaxed.