lec1lab1 .. lec2lab2 .. lec3
All are true of the endoplasmic reticulum except: They are always associated with ribosomes They synthesize protein They synthesize lipids They occur in the cytoplasm
They are always associated with ribosomes
All are true of proteins except: They have a glycerol nucleus They contain C, H, O, N, and S They have peptide bonds They are destroyed by excessive heat
They contain C, H, O, N, and S
Which is NOT true of fats? They are often found in the form of triglycerides They may be liquid or solid They contain C, H, O, and P They are found in cholesterol
They contain C, H, O, and P
The function of the nucleus is: To direct cellular activity To form complex amino acids To direct lipid synthesis Nono of the above
To direct cellular activity
If the DNA gene reads ATTCCGAC, the m-RNA copy would read: UAAGGCUG TUUGGCUG UTTGGCTG None of the above
UAAGGCUG
If the m-RNS codon reads AUG, then the t-RNA anticodon would be: TAC UAC UTC None of the above
UAC .. again... we're pairing RNA to RNA, so there is no nucleotide Thymine, Uracil is present instead
The golgi apparatus: Is located within the nucleus Is used to extract teeth by primitive south american tribes Is involved in packaging and transporting products made by the cell None of the above
. is involved in packaging and transporting products made by the cell
If a 0.9% NaCl solution were isotonic to the internal environment of a cell, then (hint-0.9 is less than 1.0) 1.5% would be hypotonic 0.5% would be hypertonic 1.3% would be hypertonic 1.0%would be hypotonic
1.3% would be hypertonic
There are (?) amino acids in biological systems: 20 17 19 23
20
The final yield from cellular respiration (as presented in your notes) is ____ ATPs. 20 15 38 48 10
38
Mitochondria Indicate a cells activity by the number of them present in the cell Convert glucose to ATP Are found in the nucleus A and B
A and B
Which is true of the rough endoplasmic reticulum? Has ribosomes attached Synthesize lipid Transports protein A and C
A and C
The rate of metabolism may vary among: Age groups Sex (gender) Different species All of the above
All of the above
Water is important biologically because: It is a good solvent It has high surface tension It has high heat capacity All of the above
All of the above
All are true of an inorganic molecule except: Contain metals and non- metals Use ionic bonding Are small in size Always contain carbon
Always contain carbon
In nature, there are 20 of these and they all have a chemically unique structure despite some similarities. These are also the "building blocks" of proteins Peptides Sterols Amino acids phosphates
Amino acids
What is the name of the metabolic "process" associated with making / assembling large molecules? Cori cycle Glycolysis Anabolism transcription
Anabolism
The pH of arterial blood is close to neutral. Which of the following would be appropriate? 5.0 7.0 1.0 13.0
B. 7.0
Carbohydrates contain which of the following elements in a 1:2:1 ratio? C N O C H O H C P H C N
CHO
The discs between the vertebrae of the spine represent which type of joint listed below? Pivot Cartilaginous Hinge fibrous
Cartilaginous
The discs between the vertebrae of the spine represent which type of joint listed below? Pivot Cartilaginous Hinge fibrous
Cartilaginous
Lysosome: Contain hydrolytic / digestive enzymes Reside in the nucleus of the cell Function in autolysis (destruction of the cell) A and B
Contain hydrolytic / digestive enzymes
atoms which are bonded to each other by sharing their valence electrons are said to have (?) binded. Ionic Compound Covalent isotonic
Covalent
Which particle is NOT found in the nucleus of an atom? Proton Electron Neutron orbital
Electron
The fontanels of an infant skull are ossified at the time of birth True False
False
The specific chemical coding for protein synthesis is determined by: Charge Carbon sequence Genes in the DNA molecule Hydrogen bonds
Genes in the DNA molecule
An ion is an atom or molecule that: Is a gas Has an electrical charge Forms a visible glow Has no polar attraction
Has an electrical charge
during protein synthesis, a message is sent to the nucleus of a cell requesting the production of a particular protein. This means that a specific chain of amino acids will need to e formed. The DNA codes for all proteins the body will need, and will only unwrap or unravel itself to reveal the code for the specific protein being asked for.
If the entire strand was copied, we would not have protein synthesis, but rather human cloning every time that we tried to produce a protein
The response of an organism to a stimulus illustrates the characteristic of life termed: Movement Irritability Irrationality Reproduction
Irritability
The characteristic number and appearance of chromosomes is unique for each species and is called the: Cytokinesis Zygote Karyotype lpmat
Karyotype
The sum of all chemical activity in the cell is known as: Tonicity Irritability Metabolism digestion
Metabolism
cellular respiration (production of ATP) is beat associated with which organelle? Mitochondria Nucleus Chloroplast lysosome
Mitochondria
Which of the following is not one of the four primary tissues? Connective tissue Cartilage tissue Epithelial tissue Muscle tissue
Muscle tissue
which of the following is not an organic compound? Protein NaCl (sodium chloride) Nucleic acid Lipid
NaCl (sodium chloride)
When pyruvic acid enters the mitochondria. It combines with which of the following to form Citric Acid? Alcohol Lactic acid Ketones Oxaloacetate ammonia
Oxaloacetate
The type of bond that is found linking amino acids together in a protein is called: An unusual bond High energy bond Carbon bond Peptide bond
Peptide bond
anaerobic respiration (read carefully): Prevents glycolysis from occurring Produces lactic acid (animals) Produces a net gain of zero ATP None of the above
Produces lactic acid (animals)
Nucleic acids are most similar in chemical structure to : Proteins Carbohydrates Lipids Noon of the above
Proteins
All are true of meiosis EXCEPT: There are multiple steps in the cell division process It is a "reduction" division process Resulting daughter cells are diploid Occurs in sex cell formation Produces sperm and eggs in humans
Resulting daughter cells are diploid
The molecule acted on during anenzymatic reaction is called a Enzyme isomer Substrate Phagocyte None of the above
Substrate
Which of the following bones has a "mastoid process"? Spheniod Temporal Frontal occipital
Temporal
lipids can usually pass through cell membrane easily because: The membrane is made of protein They contain nitrogen They are very large molecules The membrane is made of lipid (phospholipid)
The membrane is made of lipid (phospholipid)
Biology can be defined as: a> The study of life b> The study of mammals c> The study of cells D> The study of tissues
a> The study of life
The lower the Ph: The greater the H+ concentration The more acidic the solution The lower the pH number All of the above
all of the above
the food we eat provides the building blocks to make: Proteins Enzymes Energy (ATP) All of the above
all of the above
Nucleotides Contain N, H, C and S Store energy in low energy bonds Are the bases for nucleic acids Are very simple organic molecules
are the bases for nucleic acids
Centrioles: a>Are inside the nucleus b>Function in cell division c>Are responsible for cellular respiration d>Contain hydrolytic enzymes which can digest foreign e>particles in the cell
b>Function in cell division
controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell; phospholipid bilayer
cell membrane
plays a role in cellular reproduction and specifically, spindle fiber formation
centriole
carries out photosynthesis
chloroplast
All are true of Organic Compounds except: Contain carbon Are large and complex molecules Contain metals Contain hydrogen
contain metals
If anaerobic cellular respiration takes place and lactic acid is formed, the ____ cycle in the liver converts the lactic acid back into glucose - 6 - phosphate. Citric acid Cori Mitotic Pyruvate
cori
The animal cell membrane is composed of : Cellulose Carbohydrate Lipid Double layer of phospholipids and protein channels
double layer of phospholipids and protein channels
Most of the ATP produced during aerobic cellular respiration is yielded during which of the following processes, by using / processing the high energy electrons carried by NADH and FADH2? Krebs cycle Electron transport chain Glycolysis Anaerobic respiration
electron transport chain
A cell that is NOT undergoing mitotic division is said to be in metaphase. True False
false
All enzymes are proteins True False
false
All of the ATP molecules formed by one unit of glucose are created in the electron system. (That would mean no ATP is produced directly in Glycolysis or the Citric Acid Cycle) True False
false
Anabolism is a peculiar form of aggressive behavior exhibited by an aboriginal tribe in Australia. True False
false
Cells produced by meiosis and mitosis have identical karyotypes. True False
false
Cytoplasm is mostly composed of protein. True False
false
During protein synthesis the entire strand of DNA is copied. True False
false
During the anaphase stage of mitosis, the replicated chromosomes line up in the center of the dividing cell. true false
false
Enzymes are rendered useless after participating in a chemical reaction True False
false
Even though the nose is mostly made up of cartilage, there is a right and left "nasal" bone True false
false
Hyaline cartilage is found only on the ends of long bones. True False
false
Hyperplasia is an increase in the size of the cells and represents true growth in living systems. True False
false
It is possible for identical twins to have different fathers (two different sperm cells result in fertilization). True False
false
Metabolism refers only to processes in the body which result in building structures. True False
false
One of the reasons enzymes facilitate reactions in cells is that they lower the temperature at which the reaction will take place True False
false
Phagocytosis is a rare form of bad breath. True False
false
The fontanels of an infant skull are ossified at the time of birth True False
false
The golgi apparatus (body) is an ingenious device that is commonly used in Wyoming to extract weasels from rock piles. True False
false
The hip and shoulder joints are examples of "hinge" joint True False
false
The hip and shoulder joints are examples of "hinge" joints True False
false
The nucleotide bases are exactly the same in DNA and RNA. True False
false
The segment of the DNA strand which gets copied during transcription is called the centromere True False
false
ciliated columnar epithelium is found in the urinary tract >true or false
false
r-RNA gathers amino acids from the cytoplasm and carries them to the m-RMS strand until the protein chain is complete. True False
false
the nuclear membrane is present and visible in all stages of mitosis >true or false
false
In cellular respiration, the body's desired "fuel" for glycolysis is: Glucose Citric acid NADH / FADH Lipid
glucose
Which step of cellular respiration occurs directly in the cytoplasm rather than inside the mitochondria? Glycolysis Krebs cycle Electron transport system None of the above
glycolysis
responsible for processing, packaging and secretion of cellular products (post office)
golgi complex
In the (?). Electron carriers (NADH / FADH2) are the primary products: Krebs cycle Cellular respiration cycle Glycolysis cycle Electron transport chain
krebs cycle
responsible for autolysis and phagocytosis (cellular digestion)
lysosome
Produces ATP
mitochondria
Both plant and animal cells have mitochondria because they both: Carry on photosynthesis Have a large central vacuole Have endoplasmic reticulum Need energy in the form of ATP
need energy in the form of ATP
stores RNA in the nucleus. seen as a dark spot inside the nucleus
nucleolus
directs protein synthesis and basic cellular processes
nucleus
During mitosis, the ______ stage is characterized by a disappearance of the nuclear membrane and a shortening of chromosomes. Prophase Metaphase Telophase Anaphase
prophase
protein synthesis
ribosome
If a cell lacked ribosomes, it could not: Phagocytize Synthesize protein Respire Hydrolyze fat
synthesize protein
cytokinesis (cleavage of the cytoplasm) is associated with which stage of mitosis? a> prophase b> metaphase c> telophase d> interphase
telophase
Which of the following bones has a "mastoid process"? Spheniod Temporal Frontal occipital
temporal
Which of these statements about enzymes is true? The shape of their active site can change at any time with no functional consequence Boiling (high temperatures) will not affect their activity The will participate in / catalyze only one specific reaction (usually) They are unaffected by errors in protein synthesis
they will participate in / catalyze only one specific reaction (usually)
Adipose tissue can be used to produce ATP. True False
true
All 20 amino acids are contained in animal food sources, making them "complete" sources of protein. True False
true
All cells are capable of mitotic division and do so on a regular basic. True False
true
Catabolism is a component of metabolism which involves the breakdown of structures or substances. True False
true
Denaturation is the destruction of protein by heat or chemical means. True False
true
During anaerobic cellular respiration the body tries to make ATP without oxygen. As a result, lactic acid is produced instead of pyruvic acid, and the liver must go through the "Cori Cycle". True False
true
During cellular respiration, the Citric Acid / Krebs cycle yields the most NADH molecules. True False
true
During cellular respiration, the production of high energy electron carriers (NADH) is critical for the eventual production of ATP. True False
true
During mitosis, the final step of separating the cytoplasm of the two newly formed cells is known as cytokinesis. True False
true
Energy is component of the universe and produces motion or a change in matter. True False
true
Enzymes reduce the amount of energy required to start chemical reaction (activation energy). True False
true
Even though the nose is mostly made up of cartilage, there is a right and left "nasal" bone True false
true
Homeostasis is variation within normal limits for a physiological function. True False
true
In the process of protein synthesis, peptide bonds join together the amino acid which have been brought to the m-RNA strand by the t-RNA true false
true
Meiosis is the division of parent cells to produce sperm and eggs. True False
true
Not only glucose, but also fat, can be metabolized (chemically changed) to produce ATP True False
true
Nucleic acids (DNA & RNA) are responsible for the transfer of genetic information by participating in transcription and translation. true false
true
Simple columnar epithelial tissue lines the intestinal tract and has mucus producing goblet cells in its structure. True False
true
The cell is the basic unit of life. True False
true
The cell of bone tissue is called an osteocyte. True False
true
The functional unit of bone is known as an Osteon True False
true
The functional unit of bone is known as an Osteon. >True or False
true
The idea that all life must come from pre-existing life is called biogenesis. True False
true
The lock and key theory of enzyme specificity is based in the shape of both enzyme and the substrate molecule True False
true
The loss of the nuclear membrane in mitosis is seen during prophase True False
true
The molecule needed to begin step 1 of cellular respiration (glycolysis) is glucose True False
true
The sutures between the bones of the skull are classified as joints, even though they are immovable after infancy. These are known as "fibrous" joints. True false
true
The sutures between the bones of the skull are classified as joints, even though they are immovable after infancy. These are known as "fibrous" joints. True false
true
There are 4 distinct level of protein structure. True False
true
denaturation is the destruction of protein by heat or chemical means True False
true
m-RNA is located in the cell's nucleolus, while the other types of RNA are found in the cytoplasm. True False
true
simple squamous epithelial tissue is found lining cavities and chambers in the body >true or false
true
the "intercalated disc" is found in cardiac muscle tissue and functions to enable the cardiac muscle cells to contract all together as one unit. >true or false
true
provides storage space inside the cell
vacuole
