Lecture 9

Why did the Romans crucify Jesus of Nazareth?

Because he was said to be a king and was the potential focus for a rebellion

What was the most common impulse to seek justice in early Germanic society?

Blood Feud

Match the following terms for Charlemagne's realm:

Carolingian Empire-modern term Roman Empire-what contemporaries call is Frankish Empire-modern term

What is the name of the cultural revival Charlemagne instigated

Carolingian Renaissance

Who was the most important king from the Carolingian family?

Charlemagne

What institution was a "new community" that carried on much of Roman administration after the Fall of the Western Empire?

Christian Church

What was the nature of the Covenant according to Paul of Tarsus?

Faith in Jesus Christ

Who had the primary responsibility of seeking justice in early Germanic society?

Family

In what way did Christianity most differ from other Mystery Religions

Its founder was a historical figure

What was the typical Roman attitude toward the religions of their subject peoples?

Tolerance

The Papal States still exist in some form today.

True

What was wergild?

a. A means of heading off a blood feud b. The relative value of a person in Germanic society according to his place in the warband and the tribe c. Compensation that was due for the death or injury of a person in Germanic society

What was the significance of the royal anointing of Pepin the Short?

a. Old Testament parallel with King David justified the deposition of the previous kings. b. Lent a religious air to kingship c. Signified Papal approval for the succession of the Carolingians

What were the major developments in the Christian Church during the 4th century?

a. Proclaimed the state religion of the Roman Empire b. Crystallization of a city-based structure based upon that of the Roman Empire c. Development of a method to resolve critical questions of faith and practice

Which of the following was not a fundamental institution in early Germanic society?

church

What did The Rule of St. Benedict govern?

monks in monasteries

What ultimately caused the failure of the Ostrogothic kingdom?

religious conflict between the Arians and the Catholics

What was the religion of most of the Germanic tribes when they invaded the Empire?

Arian Christianity

What was the title of the longed-for warrior-king of the Jews?

Messiah

What religion were the Franks when they invaded Gaul?

Paganism

What ancient Roman religious title did the Bishop of Rome eventually assume?

Pontifex Maximus

What is the better-known title of the Bishop of Rome?

Pope

What was the major accomplishment of the Carolingian Renaissance?

Preservation of knowledge from the past and passing it on to the future

Which of the following things did the Council of Nicaea not do?

Proclaim the Bishop of Rome to be the head of the Church

What is the symbolic significance of Charlemagne's coronation as Roman Emperor of the West?

R + C + G = MA: the unification of Roman Civilization, Christianity, and Germanic Society into the Middle Ages

What issue(s) determined the fate of the two most promising new Germanic kingdoms ca. 500?

Religion

To what religion did the Franks convert soon after invading northern Gaul?

Roman (Catholic/Orthodox) Christianity

What are the three "sources" of Medieval European society?

Roman Civilization, Christianity, and the Germanic Warband Culture

What title did Charlemagne gain on Christmas Day 800?

Roman Emperor of the West

Match the following: During the period 300-800, the once unified Mediterranean world of the Roman Empire broke up into what regions?

South-Islamic East-Byzantine West-Germanic

What problem did all the early Germanic kingdoms share?

The difficulty of transforming a warband society into a territorial state

Which of the following was not a benefit of Roman Civilization that was lost during the early Middle Ages?

The new Christian religion