Life in the UK, 3rd edition (2013)
What is the origin of the fundamental principles of British life?
"...[B]ased on history and traditions and are protected by law, customs and expectations".
Geoffrey Chaucer
In the years leading up to 1400, wrote 'The Canterbury Tales', a series of poems in English about a group of people going to Canterbury on a pilgrimage and the stories they told for amusement.
Statute of Rhuddlan
Introduced in 1284 by King Edward I; annexed Wales to the Crown of England
Battle of Hastings
Invasion led by William, the Duke of Normandy (William the Conqueror), in which he defeated Harold, the Saxon king, and became king of England
Liverpool
City in England
Manchester
City in England
Newcastle Upon Tyne
City in England
Norwich
City in England
Plymouth
City in England
Sheffield
City in England
Southampton
City in England
London
City in England (Capitol)
Belfast
City in Northern Ireland (Capitol)
Aberdeen
City in Scotland
Dundee
City in Scotland
Glasgow
City in Scotland
Edinburgh
City in Scotland (Capitol)
Newport
City in Wales
Swansea
City in Wales
Cardiff
City in Wales (Capitol)
The Domesday Book
Collection of information about all the English towns, the people who lived in them, who owned the land and what animals they owned. Commissioned by William the Conqueror and gives a picture of society in England just after the Norman Conquest
When and why did the Vikings first come to Britain?
789 CE, to raid coastal towns and take away goods and slaves
In what year did the Norman Conquest occur?
1066
When did the Plague first come to Britain?
1348
Approximately how long did the Romans remain in Britain?
400 years (left in 410 CE)
When did Julius Caesar lead his unsuccessful Roman invasion of Britain?
55 BCE
By approximately what date had Anglo-Saxon kingdoms been established in Britain?
600 CE
When did Britain become permanently separated from the continent by the Channel?
About 10,000 years ago
When did the Bronze Age begin?
About 4,000 years ago
When did the first farmers arrive in Britain, and from where?
About 6,000 years ago, probably from south-east Europe
The Pale
An area of Ireland around Dublin, which, by 1200, the English ruled
Danelaw
Area in the east and north of England where Viking invaders settled after being defeated by King Alfred the Great
When did the first Christian communities begin to appear in Britain?
Around the 3rd and 4th centuries CE
When were English laws and language introduced to Wales?
Around the middle of the 15th century, when the last Welsh rebellions had been defeated
Why did the English first go into Ireland?
As troops to help the Irish king. Remained to build their own settlements.
What were Bronze Age tombs called?
Barrows
What contributions did the Romans make to Britain?
Built roads and public buildings, created a structure of law, and introduced new plants and animals.
Origins of Parliament
Can be traced to the medieval kings' council of advisers, which included important noblemen and the leaders of the Church
What language did Iron Age people speak
Celtic (or in the Celtic family)
Leeds
City in England
Birmingham
City in England
Bradford
City in England
Bristol
City in England
The fundamental principles of British life include:
Democracy The rule of law Individual liberty Tolerance of those with different faiths and beliefs Participation in community life
From where did the Vikings come?
Denmark and Norway
Which Roman emperor successfully invaded Britain and when?
Emperor Claudius, 43 CE
Hadrian's Wall
Emperor Hadrian built a wall inthe north of England to keep out the Picts. Today, UNESCO World Heritage Site.
In Middle Ages, common skill of German traders in England
Engineering
To which countries does 'Great Britain' refer?
England Scotland Wales
Which countries comprise the United Kingdom?
England Scotland Wales Northern Ireland
The Crusades
European Christians fought for control of the Holy Land; many English knights participated
St. Augustine
First Archbishop of Canterbury; led missionaries from Rome during Anglo-Saxon rule; spread Christianity in the south of Britain
Cnut (Canute)
First of the Danish kings, whose rule was interspersed with that of the Anglo-Saxon kings
William Caxton
First person in England to print books using a printing press; one of the first books he printed was 'The Canterbury Tales'.
Housesteads and Vindolanda
Forts along Hadrian's Wall which can still be seen
Freedoms and rights offered to citizens and residents of the UK:
Freedom of belief and religion Freedom of speech Freedom from unfair discrimination Right to a fair trial Right to join in the election of a government
Conwy and Caernarvon
Huge castles (among many) built to maintain the power of the Statute of Rhuddlan
First people to live in Britain, in what period?
Hunter-gatherers, in the Stone Age
Magna Carta
In 1215, King John was forced by noblemen to agree to a number of demands, resulting in this charter of rights. Established the idea that even the king was subject to the law. Restricted the king's power.
Battle of Bannockburn
In 1314 the Scottish, led by Robert the Bruce, defeated the English, and Scotland remained unconquered by the English
Battle of Agincourt
In 1415, where King Henry V's vastly outnumbered English army defeated the French.
Sutton Hoo
In modern Suffolk, burial place of one of the Anglo-Saxon kings
Where is Stonehenge?
In what is now the English county of Wiltshire
Did the Normans invade Wales?
Initially the Normans conquered Wales, but the Welsh gradually won territory back.
Bayeux Tapestry
Piece of embroidery in which the Battle of Hastings is commemorated; located in France today.
Which Anglo-Saxon king defeated the Vikings?
King Alfred the Great
What language(s) were spoken in Britain after the Norman Conquest
King and his noblemen: Norman French Peasants: Anglo-Saxon By 1400, these two languages had gradually combined to become one English language, preferred for official documents, in the royal court and in Parliament Scotland: Gaelic
Kenneth MacAlpin
King under whom people of the north united for protection from Viking attacks; area under his rule began to be referred to as Scotland
What were some implications of the smaller population following the Plague?
Labour shortages Peasants demanded higher wages New social classes (like the gentry - owners of large areas of land) People left the countryside to live in towns In towns, growing wealth led to the development of a 'middle class'
Three houses (Estates) in Scotland's medieval Parliament
Lords Commons Clergy
York Minster
Medieval cathedral which boasts famous example of of stained-glass windows telling stories about the Bible and Christian saints
St. Columba
Missionary from Ireland during Anglo-Saxon rule who founded a monastery on the island of Iona, off the coast of what is now Scotland
What is Stonehenge?
Monument built probably as a special gathering place for seasonal ceremonies.
House of Lords (medieval Parliament)
Nobility, great landowners and bishops
Approximately what period of time is known as the Middle Ages?
Norman Conquest (1066) until about 1485
Were the Anglo-Saxons Christians?
Not when they came to Britain, but during the period of their reign, Christian missionaries came to Britain. Missionaries from Ireland spread the religion in the north.
Approximately what proportion of the population of Britain died in the Plague?
One-third
Which regions (in modern-day terms) remained relatively free of Anglo-Saxon rule?
Parts of the west of Britain, including much of what is now Wales, and Scotland.
St. Patrick
Patron saint of Ireland; the most famous of missionaries from Ireland during Anglo-Saxon rule.
John Barbour
Poet who wrote in the Scots language; wrote 'The Bruce' about the Battle of Bannockburn
Clans
Prominent families in northern Scotland and Ireland whose members owned the land (rather than a feudal system)
Boudicca
Queen of the Iceni (eastern England), tribal leader who fought against Emperor Claudius's invasion. Statue of her on Westminster Bridge in London, near the Houses of Parliament
House of Commons (medieval Parliament)
Representatives elected by a small part of the population, consisting of knights (smaller landowners) and wealthy people from towns and cities.
Responsibilities and freedoms enjoyed by citizens and residents of the UK:
Respect and obey the law Respect the rights of others, including th eright to their own opinions Treat others with fairness Look after yourself and your family Look after the area in which you live and the environment.
What were Bronze Age houses called?
Roundhouses
What marks the beginnings of British history?
Sophisticated culture and economy of the Iron Age
Feudalism
System of land ownership used by the Normans in England and southern parts of Scotland, in which the king gave land to his lords in return for help in war
Which Age followed the Bronze Age?
The Iron Age
What was the last successful foreign invasion of England?
The Norman Conquest
Did the Normans invade Scotland?
The Scots and Normans fought on the border between England and Scotland; the Normans took over some land on the border but did not invade Scotland
What and where is Skara Brae?
The best-preserved prehistoric village in northern Europe, in Orkney, off the north coast of Scotland. Has helped archaeologists to understand more about how people lived near the end of the Stone Age.
What relationship do the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man have to the UK?
They are closely linked with the UK but are not part of it.They have their own governments and are called 'Crown dependencies'.
Jutes, Angles and Saxons
Tribes from northern Europe who invaded Britain after the Romans left.
Windsor and Edinburgh castles
Two examples of medieval castles still in use; many are in ruins
Common law
Used in England, law developed by a process of precedence and tradition. In Scotland, the legal system developed slightly differently, and laws were codified (written down).
English wool
Very important export in medieval trading
What is Maiden Castle?
Very impressive Iron Age hill fort, in the English county of Dorset.
The Hundred Years War
War with France that actually lasted 116 years. The English left France in the 1450s
In Middle Ages, common skill of French traders in England
Weaving
How were Anglo-Saxon kings buried?
With treasure and armour, all placed in a ship which was then covered by a mound of earth.