Life in the UK, 3rd edition (2013)

What is the origin of the fundamental principles of British life?

"...[B]ased on history and traditions and are protected by law, customs and expectations".

Geoffrey Chaucer

In the years leading up to 1400, wrote 'The Canterbury Tales', a series of poems in English about a group of people going to Canterbury on a pilgrimage and the stories they told for amusement.

Statute of Rhuddlan

Introduced in 1284 by King Edward I; annexed Wales to the Crown of England

Battle of Hastings

Invasion led by William, the Duke of Normandy (William the Conqueror), in which he defeated Harold, the Saxon king, and became king of England

Liverpool

City in England

Manchester

City in England

Newcastle Upon Tyne

City in England

Norwich

City in England

Plymouth

City in England

Sheffield

City in England

Southampton

City in England

London

City in England (Capitol)

Belfast

City in Northern Ireland (Capitol)

Aberdeen

City in Scotland

Dundee

City in Scotland

Glasgow

City in Scotland

Edinburgh

City in Scotland (Capitol)

Newport

City in Wales

Swansea

City in Wales

Cardiff

City in Wales (Capitol)

The Domesday Book

Collection of information about all the English towns, the people who lived in them, who owned the land and what animals they owned. Commissioned by William the Conqueror and gives a picture of society in England just after the Norman Conquest

When and why did the Vikings first come to Britain?

789 CE, to raid coastal towns and take away goods and slaves

In what year did the Norman Conquest occur?

1066

When did the Plague first come to Britain?

1348

Approximately how long did the Romans remain in Britain?

400 years (left in 410 CE)

When did Julius Caesar lead his unsuccessful Roman invasion of Britain?

55 BCE

By approximately what date had Anglo-Saxon kingdoms been established in Britain?

600 CE

When did Britain become permanently separated from the continent by the Channel?

About 10,000 years ago

When did the Bronze Age begin?

About 4,000 years ago

When did the first farmers arrive in Britain, and from where?

About 6,000 years ago, probably from south-east Europe

The Pale

An area of Ireland around Dublin, which, by 1200, the English ruled

Danelaw

Area in the east and north of England where Viking invaders settled after being defeated by King Alfred the Great

When did the first Christian communities begin to appear in Britain?

Around the 3rd and 4th centuries CE

When were English laws and language introduced to Wales?

Around the middle of the 15th century, when the last Welsh rebellions had been defeated

Why did the English first go into Ireland?

As troops to help the Irish king. Remained to build their own settlements.

What were Bronze Age tombs called?

Barrows

What contributions did the Romans make to Britain?

Built roads and public buildings, created a structure of law, and introduced new plants and animals.

Origins of Parliament

Can be traced to the medieval kings' council of advisers, which included important noblemen and the leaders of the Church

What language did Iron Age people speak

Celtic (or in the Celtic family)

Leeds

City in England

Birmingham

City in England

Bradford

City in England

Bristol

City in England

The fundamental principles of British life include:

Democracy The rule of law Individual liberty Tolerance of those with different faiths and beliefs Participation in community life

From where did the Vikings come?

Denmark and Norway

Which Roman emperor successfully invaded Britain and when?

Emperor Claudius, 43 CE

Hadrian's Wall

Emperor Hadrian built a wall inthe north of England to keep out the Picts. Today, UNESCO World Heritage Site.

In Middle Ages, common skill of German traders in England

Engineering

To which countries does 'Great Britain' refer?

England Scotland Wales

Which countries comprise the United Kingdom?

England Scotland Wales Northern Ireland

The Crusades

European Christians fought for control of the Holy Land; many English knights participated

St. Augustine

First Archbishop of Canterbury; led missionaries from Rome during Anglo-Saxon rule; spread Christianity in the south of Britain

Cnut (Canute)

First of the Danish kings, whose rule was interspersed with that of the Anglo-Saxon kings

William Caxton

First person in England to print books using a printing press; one of the first books he printed was 'The Canterbury Tales'.

Housesteads and Vindolanda

Forts along Hadrian's Wall which can still be seen

Freedoms and rights offered to citizens and residents of the UK:

Freedom of belief and religion Freedom of speech Freedom from unfair discrimination Right to a fair trial Right to join in the election of a government

Conwy and Caernarvon

Huge castles (among many) built to maintain the power of the Statute of Rhuddlan

First people to live in Britain, in what period?

Hunter-gatherers, in the Stone Age

Magna Carta

In 1215, King John was forced by noblemen to agree to a number of demands, resulting in this charter of rights. Established the idea that even the king was subject to the law. Restricted the king's power.

Battle of Bannockburn

In 1314 the Scottish, led by Robert the Bruce, defeated the English, and Scotland remained unconquered by the English

Battle of Agincourt

In 1415, where King Henry V's vastly outnumbered English army defeated the French.

Sutton Hoo

In modern Suffolk, burial place of one of the Anglo-Saxon kings

Where is Stonehenge?

In what is now the English county of Wiltshire

Did the Normans invade Wales?

Initially the Normans conquered Wales, but the Welsh gradually won territory back.

Bayeux Tapestry

Piece of embroidery in which the Battle of Hastings is commemorated; located in France today.

Which Anglo-Saxon king defeated the Vikings?

King Alfred the Great

What language(s) were spoken in Britain after the Norman Conquest

King and his noblemen: Norman French Peasants: Anglo-Saxon By 1400, these two languages had gradually combined to become one English language, preferred for official documents, in the royal court and in Parliament Scotland: Gaelic

Kenneth MacAlpin

King under whom people of the north united for protection from Viking attacks; area under his rule began to be referred to as Scotland

What were some implications of the smaller population following the Plague?

Labour shortages Peasants demanded higher wages New social classes (like the gentry - owners of large areas of land) People left the countryside to live in towns In towns, growing wealth led to the development of a 'middle class'

Three houses (Estates) in Scotland's medieval Parliament

Lords Commons Clergy

York Minster

Medieval cathedral which boasts famous example of of stained-glass windows telling stories about the Bible and Christian saints

St. Columba

Missionary from Ireland during Anglo-Saxon rule who founded a monastery on the island of Iona, off the coast of what is now Scotland

What is Stonehenge?

Monument built probably as a special gathering place for seasonal ceremonies.

House of Lords (medieval Parliament)

Nobility, great landowners and bishops

Approximately what period of time is known as the Middle Ages?

Norman Conquest (1066) until about 1485

Were the Anglo-Saxons Christians?

Not when they came to Britain, but during the period of their reign, Christian missionaries came to Britain. Missionaries from Ireland spread the religion in the north.

Approximately what proportion of the population of Britain died in the Plague?

One-third

Which regions (in modern-day terms) remained relatively free of Anglo-Saxon rule?

Parts of the west of Britain, including much of what is now Wales, and Scotland.

St. Patrick

Patron saint of Ireland; the most famous of missionaries from Ireland during Anglo-Saxon rule.

John Barbour

Poet who wrote in the Scots language; wrote 'The Bruce' about the Battle of Bannockburn

Clans

Prominent families in northern Scotland and Ireland whose members owned the land (rather than a feudal system)

Boudicca

Queen of the Iceni (eastern England), tribal leader who fought against Emperor Claudius's invasion. Statue of her on Westminster Bridge in London, near the Houses of Parliament

House of Commons (medieval Parliament)

Representatives elected by a small part of the population, consisting of knights (smaller landowners) and wealthy people from towns and cities.

Responsibilities and freedoms enjoyed by citizens and residents of the UK:

Respect and obey the law Respect the rights of others, including th eright to their own opinions Treat others with fairness Look after yourself and your family Look after the area in which you live and the environment.

What were Bronze Age houses called?

Roundhouses

What marks the beginnings of British history?

Sophisticated culture and economy of the Iron Age

Feudalism

System of land ownership used by the Normans in England and southern parts of Scotland, in which the king gave land to his lords in return for help in war

Which Age followed the Bronze Age?

The Iron Age

What was the last successful foreign invasion of England?

The Norman Conquest

Did the Normans invade Scotland?

The Scots and Normans fought on the border between England and Scotland; the Normans took over some land on the border but did not invade Scotland

What and where is Skara Brae?

The best-preserved prehistoric village in northern Europe, in Orkney, off the north coast of Scotland. Has helped archaeologists to understand more about how people lived near the end of the Stone Age.

What relationship do the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man have to the UK?

They are closely linked with the UK but are not part of it.They have their own governments and are called 'Crown dependencies'.

Jutes, Angles and Saxons

Tribes from northern Europe who invaded Britain after the Romans left.

Windsor and Edinburgh castles

Two examples of medieval castles still in use; many are in ruins

Common law

Used in England, law developed by a process of precedence and tradition. In Scotland, the legal system developed slightly differently, and laws were codified (written down).

English wool

Very important export in medieval trading

What is Maiden Castle?

Very impressive Iron Age hill fort, in the English county of Dorset.

The Hundred Years War

War with France that actually lasted 116 years. The English left France in the 1450s

In Middle Ages, common skill of French traders in England

Weaving

How were Anglo-Saxon kings buried?

With treasure and armour, all placed in a ship which was then covered by a mound of earth.