Life-span Developmental Psych Final (Santrock)

thinks that Amelia is also a geek.

"Amelia's all excited about this new guy she met," says Julie. "I guess it makes sense because he's really a geek." Based on the concept of consensual validation, we can expect that Julie:

that adults characterized by poorer mental and physical health were more likely to have low self-esteem in adolescence than well-adjusted, competent adults

A New Zealand longitudinal study assessed the self-esteem of adolescents at 11, 13, and 15 years of age and then assessed the adjustment and competence of the same individuals when they were 26 years old. Its results indicated:

do not increase the incidence of sexual intercourse.

A number of leading experts on adolescent sexuality conclude that education programs that emphasize contraceptive knowledge:

stroke

A study of HRT's effects was halted as evidence emerged that participants who were receiving HRT faced an increased risk of _____.

having more romantic experience was linked to a higher level of substance use and delinquency.

A study of tenth-graders revealed that:

Intimacy versus isolation

According to Erik Erikson, which of the following is the sixth developmental stage?

Consummate love

According to Robert J. Sternberg, which of the following is the strongest and fullest form of love?

Peer relations

According to a recent large-scale study of eighth- and tenth-graders, amongst the various risk factors, which of the following is the strongest predictor of substance abuse?

they have a less positive coping style.

According to a recent study of more than 17,000 Chinese 11- to 22-year-olds, males in China have a higher rate of depression than females because:

Natural selection operates primarily on characteristics that are tied to reproductive fitness

According to life-span developmentalist Paul Baltes, the benefits conferred by evolutionary selection decrease with age. Natural selection has not weeded out many harmful conditions and nonadaptive characteristics that appear among older adults. Why?

Verbal comprehension

According to the Seattle Longitudinal Study of individuals aged 25 to 95, which of the following abilities showed the least decline with age?

the enhancer

After Mildred's divorce, she went back to college, renewed old acquaintanceships, and took up ballroom dancing. After completing college, she got the job she'd always wanted and entered into a long-term relationship. Mildred chose the pathway of:

they prefer long-term, committed relationships

All of the following are myths about gay and lesbian couples EXCEPT:

Amanda is at risk of becoming anorexic herself.

Amanda's mother suffers from anorexia nervosa. Which of the following statements about Amanda is TRUE?

one-sided; bidirectional

As an alternative to "_____ evolutionism" presented in evolutionary psychology, Albert Bandura proposed a _____ view.

a smaller number of friendships that are more intense and intimate

As opposed to the trend in young children, teenagers typically prefer to have:

the libertines

At the end of the first year post-divorce, which of the following are most likely to grow disillusioned with their sensation-seeking lifestyle and subsequently wanting a stable relationship?

lowered sexual gratification

Both divorced women and divorced men complain of all of the following EXCEPT:

active (niche-picking) genotype-environment

Brad is an athletic boy who is on every sport team in school. Stephen loves math and is part of his school's math club. These instances reflect _____ correlations that occur when children seek out environments that they find compatible and stimulating

normative age-graded

By age 51, most women enter menopause. This is an example of how a biological process can exert a _____ influence on development.

evocative genotype-environment correlation

Charlie is a cooperative, attentive child and is a favorite at home and school; and he receives positive, instructive responses from adults. This is indicative of a(n):

few parents anticipate how strongly their adolescent will push for autonomy and responsibility.

Conflicts arise between parents and adolescents because:

Cross-sectional

Dr. McLean has designed a study to test the cognitive skills of people in their 30s, 50s, and 70s, where data is collected over the course of a day through a series of tests. What type of research approach is Dr. McLean using?

media multitasking

Dylan does his homework in front of the television while listening to music on his iPod and also simultaneously text messaging his friends. This is indicative of a major trend in the use of technology known as:

aggression and violence; false

Early interest in the XYY syndrome focused on the belief that the extra Y chromosome found in some males contributed to _____. However, subsequent research has proved this to be _____.

a lower incidence of type I diabetes.

Exercise is related to all of the following positive outcomes in adolescence, EXCEPT:

Imaginary audience

Fifteen-year-old Juanita wants to skip school today because she is having a bad hair day and is convinced that everybody will notice and think badly of her. Which aspect of adolescent egocentrism is Juanita experiencing?

a healthy self-image.

For the majority of teens, adolescence is marked by:

libertine

Gayle's divorce was final last year. During the first year after the divorce, Gayle spent every evening after work in a singles bar. She had several casual affairs. Gayle can be characterized as a(n):

Concrete operational

Hidalgo, 8, is very good at addition and subtraction, but he has a hard time understanding the complex algebraic problems that his 14-year-old sister does. Hidalgo is currently in which of Jean Piaget's stages of development?

When measured at the age of 20 and then again at the age of 30.

If researchers measure an individual's self-esteem at ages 10, 20, 30, and 40 years, where are they likely to find the most stability?

a significant increase in spirituality occurred between late middle and late adulthood.

In a longitudinal study of individuals from their early thirties through their late sixties/early seventies showed that:

school-related

In a study, almost 50 percent of high school dropouts cited _____ reasons for leaving school.

is promoted by education in the logic of science and mathematics

In contrast to Piaget's views, the development of formal operational thinking:

greater satisfaction; satisfied

In the sixth grade, early-maturing girls show _____ with their figures than do late-maturing girls, but by the tenth grade late-maturing girls are more _____.

bicultural

Irene, age 16, is a first-generation immigrant whose parents came to the United States from Ukraine when she was just a baby. Irene enjoys many of the same things that her American friends do, but respects her culture's traditions and speaks to her parents in their native language. Irene seems to have formed a _____ identity.

6 months to a year before the wedding

It is recommended that premarital education begin approximately:

late adulthood

Jessica spends a lot of time thinking about the choices she has made in her life and the events she has witnessed. She is adjusting to decreasing strength and health, and she has made several lifestyle changes as a result. Jessica is most likely in the _____ period of development.

identity versus identity confusion

Jessica, 16, is in the process of deciding what she wants to study in college. She wants to be an engineer one day and a painter the next day. Erik Erikson would say Jessica is in the _____ stage of development.

Adolescence

Joey has shot up in height over the past year, has developed a deeper voice, and is starting to grow facial hair. He is preoccupied with the pursuit of independence and identity and is spending more time with friends and less with family. Which of the following periods of development is Joey in?

regularly talk to Juanita about sex and the risk factors associated with it.

Juanita, a Latino girl, is entering adolescence and her mother wants to keep her from risky sexual behavior. According to research, her mother should:

Infatuation

Julie describes how she feels about Mark: "I'm very physically attracted to him, but we aren't what you would call emotionally close. I love being with him, but I don't know that this will be a long-lasting relationship". According to Robert Sternberg's theory of love, which type of love is Julie experiencing?

diabetes and cardiovascular disease

Landon has a metabolic syndrome. His doctor is concerned because in many patients this leads to:

equality in their relationships

Lesbian couples especially place a high priority on:

She is going through menopause.

Lillian is 50 years old. Her doctor has noticed a sharp decrease in her estrogen levels, and Lillian is complaining of nausea and fatigue. Based on these symptoms, what could be her initial diagnosis?

She will be more satisfied with her figure than early-maturing girls.

Maggie is 14 years old and has not yet matured physically. According to recent research, which of the following will be most likely to occur by the time Maggie reaches tenth grade?

has reason to worry, since his son is more likely to engage in delinquent behavior

Manfred is worried about his 16-year-old son hanging around much older people in the neighborhood. Research suggests that Manfred:

sense of control in middle age

Margie Lachman and her colleagues argue that having a _____ is one of the most important modifiable factors in delaying the onset of diseases in middle adulthood and reducing the frequency of diseases in late adulthood.

when given the opportunity, adolescents will sleep an average of 9 hours and 25 minutes a night

Mary Carskadon and her colleagues' research on adolescent sleep patterns found that:

Increased penis and testicle size

Ms. Chang is trying to prepare her health-class students for the onset of puberty. What should she tell the boys that they are likely to experience first?

secure attachment style

On an assessment of attachment styles modeled on Hazan and Shaver's questionnaire, Alicia described herself thus: "I find it relatively easy to get close to others and I am comfortable depending on them and having them depend on me. I don't worry about being abandoned or about someone getting too close to me". Alicia seems to have a(n):

life-span

On your first day of class, Professor Red-Elk claims that for too long we have focused on the development of young children, especially infants. She argues that the development of adults and elderly people is just as important. This professor is articulating a(n) _____ approach.

start at birth and continue through adulthood

Piaget's four stages of cognitive development:

biological

Ramada, 69, an avid golfer and fitness enthusiast, recently got a comprehensive health exam done, and her physician remarked that her vital organs were in such good shape that her _____ age was about 10 years less than her chronological age.

identity foreclosure

Ramon's parents have decided that he will enroll in a liberal arts course in the state college near their hometown. Ramon has not really thought about the issue much himself, and he will most likely follow their advice. James Marcia would classify Ramon's identity status as:

formal operational

Sandrine is now able to use abstract thought as well as logic; Piaget would argue that she is in the _____ stage of development.

providing students opportunities to reflect about their participation

Service learning is often more effective when two conditions are met: (1) giving students some degree of choice in the service activities in which they participate, and (2) _____.

she would be considered as a candidate for adopting a child

Shakena is a 38-year-old single woman who works as a pharmaceutical representative. She would like to adopt a child. Recent changes in adoption requirements would mean that:

in the second age of prime adulthood in the developmental period of early adulthood

Sharon is a 30-year-old stay-at-home mother to a toddler. Life-span developmentalists would consider her to be:

single parenting.

Sleep problems in middle-aged adults have been associated with all of the following EXCEPT:

be likely to share information about her whereabouts, friends, and activities

Stella has involved, responsive parents who support her in her choices as long as she adheres to certain basic rules that they have set for her, like keeping up her grades and coming home in time for dinner with her family on weeknights. Thus, Stella's relationship with her parents is characterized by a high level of trust, acceptance, and quality. Research indicates that Stella would:

old assumptions about the proper timing of life events no longer govern our lives.

The 35-year-old grandmother, the 65-year-old father of a preschooler, the 15-year old surgeon, and the 70-year-old student, all serve to illustrate that:

smaller "communities" or "houses" should be developed to lessen the impersonal nature of large middle schools.

The Carnegie Corporation evaluated U.S. middle schools and recommended that:

normative historical change

The cultural makeup of the U.S. population has changed over the past few years due to immigration and other factors. Such long-term changes in the genetic and cultural makeup of a population are part of:

a high school graduation ceremony

The event that comes closest to being a culture-wide rite of passage in the United States is:

a combination of drug therapy and cognitive behavior therapy

The most effective way to treat adolescent depression is:

helping the younger generation to develop and lead useful lives

The term "generativity" as described in Erikson's seventh stage of development primarily reflects a concern for:

normal changes during puberty.

Thirteen-year-old Grace's blood tests indicate that her levels of testosterone are about twice as high as they were a few years ago, and that her estradiol levels are about eight times higher than earlier. Grace is most likely experiencing:

declines in adolescent girls

Though controversial, studies indicate that self-esteem:

An intense fear of gaining weight that does not decrease with weight loss

Which of the following characterizes a person suffering from anorexia nervosa?

Marrying late in life

Which of the following factors is NOT associated with an increase in divorce?

Movement out of the home

Which of the following has been found to be associated with prolonged, intense parent-adolescent conflict?

Parenting requires some training

Which of the following is NOT a myth about parenting?

Excessive sexual activity

Which of the following is NOT one of the factors that could be related to erectile problems in middle-aged men?

Salthouse agrees with Schaie that cognitive functioning involving accumulated knowledge, such as vocabulary and general information, does not show early age-related decline but rather continues to increase at least until 60 years of age.

Which of the following is TRUE about research by Schaie and Salthouse?

They assume a person's behavior is consistent and stable.

Which of the following is a criticism of standardized tests?

It benefits shy and anxious people who find it difficult to meet potential partners in person.

Which of the following is a potential benefit of romantic relationships over the Internet?

Unclear sexual boundaries

Which of the following is a problem that can plague cross-gender friendships?

Respect yourself and others

Which of the following is a strategy that adults would recommend to adolescents to help in makeing friends?

Decrease in the visual field's size

Which of the following is an outcome of the reduced blood supply to the eye during late middle-age?

Amenorrhea in girls who have reached puberty

Which of the following is one of the main characteristics that applies to people suffering from anorexia nervosa?

An increase in the eye's blind spot

Which of the following is the result of reduced blood supply to the eye in the fifties and sixties?

Adult male friendships are more competitive than those of women.

Which of the following is true about gender differences in adult friendships?

They use more lethal means than do females.

Which of the following is true about why males are more likely than females to succeed in committing suicide?

Having five or more drinks in a row in the last two weeks.

Which of the following qualifies as binge drinking as defined in the University of Michigan surveys?

By the end of midlife, bones break more easily and heal more slowly.

Which of the following statements about bone and joint functioning is TRUE?

Maximum bone density occurs by the mid- to late thirties.

Which of the following statements about bone density is TRUE?

People in late midlife are less likely to experience their last child leaving home than people in early midlife.

Which of the following statements about late midlife is NOT true?

Adolescent girls are more religious than are adolescent boys.

Which of the following statements about religion and adolescents has research shown to be true?

They can develop strategies to cope with the gains and losses of aging.

Which of the following statements about the "young-old" is true?

College upperclassmen are more likely to be identity achieved than college freshmen or high school students.

Which of the following statements about the timing of identity development is TRUE?

Gender differences in sexual expression and educational opportunities appear to be narrowing over time.

Which of the following statements about the trend in cross-cultural gender differences in sexual expression is true?

Parents serve as important attachment figures and support systems during adolescence.

Which of the following statements does the new model of parent-adolescent relationships emphasize?

Chronic disorders are rare in early adulthood.

Which of the following statements is TRUE about chronic conditions?

Age related declines occur in some occupations such as air traffic controllers and professional athletes.

Which of the following statements is TRUE about work in midlife?

The category of seekers usually shrinks and is dominated by men after many people became more secure or satisfied in their single life.

Which of the following statements is true about seekers?

Marked weight gains coincide with the onset of puberty for both boys and girls.

Which of the following statements is true?

Use an organization strategy to categorize information to be remembered.

Which of the following strategies would be most helpful in improving memory in middle age?

Parents have more income for child-rearing expenses

Which one of the following is an advantage of having children late?

Early adulthood

_____ is a time of establishing personal and economic independence, career development, and, for many, selecting a mate, learning to live with someone in an intimate way, starting a family, and rearing children.