Lifespan Chapter 10

Which of the following are aspects of the development of social orientation?

-Goal-directed behaviors -Cooperation -Locomotion

Research has found that decreases in infants' negative emotionality are linked to which of the following?

-Higher parental involvement -High levels of parental sensitivity -Higher levels of parental responsiveness

As children acquire emotional competence they will exhibit which of the following behaviors?

-More effective management of their emotions -Positive relationship development -Resilience in stressful circumstances

which of the following statements apply to bowlby's concept of attachment?

-attachment is important for survival -infants and caregivers are biologically predisposed to form attachments

which of the following theorists proposed influential theories of infant attachment?

-bowlby -freud -erikson

which of the following ideas are stressed by John Bowlby in his concept of attachment?

-caregiver responsiveness is involved -attachment is crucial in the first year

which of the following statements are true based on harlow's conclusions from studying infant monkeys?

-contact comfort is crucial in the attachment process -feeding is not the crucial element in the attachment process

The development of locomotor skills is the result of which of the following?

-environmental support for the skill -infant motivation to reach a goal -nervous system development

Which of the following are important ways that infants in their first year of life begin to understand that other people have intentions?

-gaze following -joint attention

Infants' social sophistication and insight are reflected by which of the following?

-increase in emotional understanding and communication -motivation to share and participate in others' intentionally motivated actions -perception of others' actions as intentionally motivated

Which of the following are important social cognitive accomplishments that are established at the end of the first year?

-joint attention -goal-directed behavior -intention

which two of the following are the most consistent outcomes of secure attachment in adolescence?

-positive peer relations -emotion regulation

T/F: Do self-conscious emotions appear to develop only until self-awareness appears in the second half of the second year of life?

False: Self-conscious emotions do not appear to develop until self-awareness appears in the second half of the second year of life

The use of self-initiated strategies for redirecting feelings

In the elementary school years, children reflect more about emotional experiences and develop strategies to cope with their emotional lives. children can more effectively manage their emotions by cognitive means, such as using distracting thoughts.

Face-to-face play

Often begins to characterize caregiver-infant interactions when the infant is about 2 to 3 months of age.

Which theory states that older adults narrow their social networks?

Socioemotional selectivity theory

attachment

a close emotional bond between two people

An increased tendency to take into fuller account the events leading to emotional reactions

a fourth-grader may become aware that her sadness today is influence by her friends moving to another town last week.

locomotor skills

allow the infant to independently initiate social interchanges on a more frequent basis

still-face paradigm

caregiver alternates between engaging in face-to-face interaction with the infant and remaining still and unresponsive. As early as 2 to 3 months of age: infants show more withdrawal, negative emotions, and self-directed behavior when their caregivers are still and unresponsive

Marked improvements in the ability to suppress or conceal negative emotional reactions

children during the middle and late childhood years now sometimes intentionally hide their emotions

Improved emotional understanding

children in elementary school develop an increased ability to understand such complex emotions as pride and shame

the ability to develop skills contextually and focus on the adaptive nature of emotional experience is called emotional:

competence

emotion regulation

consists of effectively managing arousal to adapt to circumstances and to reach a goal

which of the following refers to a child's ability to connect his or her own intentions with a peer's intentions and put this understanding to use in interacting with the peer to reach a goal?

cooperation

Katrina is a child who has good social skills. When she has a disagreement with her friend, she is able to talk calmly with her and not resort to yelling and crying. Developmentalists would say that Katrina has developed healthy:

emotional regulation

primary emotions

emotions that are present in humans and other animals; these emotions appear in the first six months of the human infants development. include: surprise interest joy anger sadness fear disgust

emotion

feeling, or affect, that occurs when a person is in a state or an interaction that is important to him or her, especially to his or her well-being.

emotional competence

focuses on the adaptive nature of emotional experience

An easy child

generally in a positive mood, quickly establishes regular routines in infancy, and adapts easily to new experiences

A slow-to-warm-up child

has a low activity level, is somewhat negative, and displays a low intensity of mood.

Ross Thompson's view

infants are socioemotional beings who show a strong interest in the social world and are motivated to orient to it and understand it

bowlby's internal working model of attachment eventually:

influences the child's subsequent responses to other people

Being skilled at perceiving and expressing emotion, understanding emotion, using feelings to facilitate thought, and managing emotions effectively is a description of emotional:

intelligence

temperament

involves individual differences in behavioral styles, emotions, and characteristic ways of differences in behavioral styles, emotions, and characteristics ways of responding also refers to: individuals differences in how quickly the emotion is shown, how strong it is, how long it lasts, and how soon it fades away

self-regulation

involves variations in the extent or effectiveness of an individual's controls of emotions

reactivity

involves variations in the speed and intensity with which an individuals responds to situations with positive or negative emotions.

As compared to the parents, adolescents are more likely to experience:

more extreme and more fleeting emotions

Joint attention

occurs when the caregiver and infant focus on the same object or event

which type of emotions is most likely to be observed in infancy?

primary

An difficult child

reacts negatively and cries frequently, engages in irregular daily routines, and is slow to accept change

Goodness of fit

refers to the match between a child's temperament and the environmental demands the child must cope with. When children are prone to distress, as exhibited by frequent crying irritability, their parents may eventually respond by ignoring the child's distress or trying to force the child to "behave".

self-conscious emotions

require self-awareness that involves consciousness and a sense of "me". include: jealousy empathy embarrassment pride shame guilt occur during the first time at some point after 18 months of age

Social referencing

term used to describe "reading" emotional cues in others to help determine how to act in a particular situation

physiological pattern

that includes high and stable heart rate, high level of the hormone cortisol, and high activity in the right frontal lobe of the brain

Jeremy is a very active toddler whose parents try to avoid putting him in situations where he must sit still for a long periods of time. This illustrates:

the concept of goodness of fit

Development of a capacity for genuine empathy

two girls see another child in distress on the playground and run to the child and ask if they can help