lifespan development psychology

Which of the following statements is true regarding chronological age?

It is not a reliable predictor of an individual's health.

Brad is an athletic child, and he is in every sports team in school, as he enjoys sports immensely. He regularly practices football, tennis, and basketball and hopes to become the captain of one of the sports teams. This scenario best reflects _____ correlations that occur when children seek out environments that they find compatible and stimulating.

active niche picking genotype environment

Amanda is 6 days old. Which of the following statements is likely true about Amanda's hearing?

amanda is able to hear high-pitched sounds better than low-pitched sounds

Benji has started calling his father "dad," but he also calls all the men that he sees "dad." According to Piaget, this error is due to the phenomenon of

assimilation

In the context of cognitive development, which of the following terms refers to the focusing of mental resources on select information?

attention

_____ is the field that seeks to discover the influence of heredity and environment on individual differences in human traits and development.

behavioral genetics

Ramada, 69, an avid golfer and fitness enthusiast, recently got a comprehensive health exam done, and her physician remarked that her vital organs were in such good shape that her _____ age was about 10 years less than her chronological age.

biological

Nellie, at 3 years old, bangs her head against the wall repeatedly throughout the day. How could Skinner's concept of operant conditioning be applied to address this behavior?

by rewarding Nellie when she does not bang her head and punishing the head-banging behavior

Lisa is a clinical psychologist. She decides to conduct a study on whether the progression of memory loss in older adults with Alzheimer disease can be slowed down. According to the scientific method, which of the following describes the sequence Lisa should follow?

conceptualize a process or problem to be studied, collect data, analyze data, draw conclusions

What is the significant finding of Harlow's experiments on monkeys reared by surrogate mothers?

contact comfort is the crucial element in the attachment process

the visual cliff experiment was used to measure

depth perception

In twin studies, it is most common to

determine the behavioral similarity of identical twins compared with the behavioral similarity of fraternal twins.

Baby Jane, a 3-day-old infant, is shown four drawings: a bright blue square, a white oval, a yellow circle, and a drawing of a face. According to Robert Fantz's visual preference method, which drawing would she probably prefer to look at for a longer time?

drawing of a face

The _____ view states that development is the result of an ongoing, bidirectional interchange between heredity and the environment.

epigenetic

Charlie is a cooperative, attentive child and is a favorite at home and school; he receives positive, instructive responses from adults. This is indicative of a(n)

evocative genotype-environment correlation

Psychology's newest approach, _____, emphasizes the importance of adaptation, reproduction, and "survival of the fittest" in shaping behavior.

evolutionary psychology

Most researchers find that babies do not show _____ until the second half of the first year.

explicit memory

_____ is the interaction of a specific measured variation in the DNA and a specific measured aspect of the environment.

gene x environment (G*E) interactions

Monsena is an independent and adventurous child who likes to explore new places in her environment. However, her mother is overprotective and forbids Monsena from playing in the backyard or the garden of their house. Developmental psychologists would say that this discrepancy concerns

goodness of fit

According to dynamic systems theory,

infants assemble motor skills for perceiving and acting

Jerome Kagan's classification of temperament focuses on

inhibition to the unfamiliar

According to Mary Ainsworth, a(n) _____ infant avoids the mother or is ambivalent toward her, fears strangers, and is upset by minor, everyday separations.

insecurely attached

Dr. Tepper-Harmon believes that life-span development cannot be studied without considering biological, socioemotional, and cognitive dimensions. Dr. Tepper-Harmon believes that development is

multidimensional

As people enter adolescence, they start focusing more time on romantic relationships and spend less time with friends as a result. This illustrates how development is

multidirectional

Red-feathered and blue-feathered birds occupy the same environment. The birds with the red feathers are better able to survive and avoid predators. This means that the population of red-feathered birds will increase in future generations. This illustrates the process of

natural selection

By age 51, most women enter menopause. This is an example of how a biological process can exert a _____ influence on development.

normative age-graded

Which of the following is a Piagetian term for understanding that objects and events continue to exist even when they cannot directly be seen, heard, or touched?

object permanence

Tracy's parents are avid sports fans. Since she was a child, they've taken her to numerous baseball and football games, and Tracy regularly watched the sports channel with her dad. When she was old enough, her parents made her join the little league team at her school and she performed well. This is an example of a(n)

passive genotype-environment correlation

Jake, age 11 months, is able to pick up cereal and bits of fruit off the tray of his high chair by grasping them with his thumb and forefinger. Jake has developed the

pincer grip

Dr. Berenstein holds the view that behavior is merely a surface characteristic and that a true understanding of development requires analyzing the symbolic meanings of behavior and the deep inner workings of the mind. Dr. Berenstein can be described as a(n)

psychoanalytic theorist

the concept of discontinuity is characterized by

qualitative change

Kyoko is 13 months old and can understand about 50 words but can say only about 10 words. This demonstrates how Kyoko's _____ vocabulary is more developed than her _____ vocabulary.

receptive; spoken

Diego is in the Strange Situation with his caregiver. He explores the room and examines the toys that have been placed in it. He uses the caregiver as a secure base from which to explore the room. He would be classified as being

securely attached

Most _____ emotions don't occur until after the first year, according to most developmental psychologists.

self-consious

Sakura isn't a particularly active child, and he tends to be wary of new situations and people. Although he doesn't cry, he dislikes dealing with novel situations. According to Thomas and Chess, he would be classified as a(n)

slow-to-warm-up child

Quimby, a 15-month-old child, looks to her mother to see if she should be afraid of the stranger who has come to her home. Quimby relaxes when she sees her mother smiling and speaking to the stranger in a calm voice. Quimby is engaging in

social referencing

Three-month-old Zoey looks up at her mother and smiles. What do researchers call this smile?

social smile

The question of whether a fun-loving, carefree adolescent is bound to have difficulty holding down a 9-to-5 job as an adult reflects the

stability change issue

The most frequent expression of an infant's fear involves

stranger anxiety

Drugs, incompatible blood types, environmental pollutants, infectious diseases, nutritional deficiencies, maternal stress, advanced maternal and paternal age, and environmental pollutants are collectively identified as _____ in the context of prenatal development.

teratogens