LifeSpan Test 3

Mounting evidence reveals that children with autism have a. at least one "mindblind" parent b. a deficient theory of mind c. goal-oriented thinking d. an advanced theory of mind

a deficient theory of mind

Children whose parents use a(n) ________ child-rearing style feel especially good about themselves. a. authoritative b. authoritarian c. permissive d. uninvolved

a. authoritative

Four-year-old Jasmine is shown two identical tall glasses of water and agrees that they contain the same amount of liquid. When the liquid is poured into a short, wide container, she says that there is more water in the shorter container because it is "all spread out." Jasmine is demonstrating a lack of understanding of a. conservation b. animistic thinking c. magical thinking d. reversibility

a. conservation

In Michaela's preschool classroom, the girls spend more time in the housekeeping and art centers, while the boys play with blocks and Legos. This is an example of a. gender typing b. gender selection c. role modeling d. role playing

a. gender typing

A major shortcoming of Gardner's theory of multiple intelligence is that a. neurological evidence for the independence of his abilities is weak b. it virtually ignores the role of cultural and learning opportunities in intellectual development c. it overemphasizes the idea of general intelligence d. it fails to account for biological contributions to intelligence

a. neurological evidence for the independence of his abilities is weak

According to Vygotksy, learning takes place a. within the zone of proximal development b. through trial and error c. through discovery learning d. through independent activity

a. within the zone of proximal development

Research shows that obesity has caused a dramatic rise in cases of _______ in children. a. asthma b. diabetes c. tuberculosis d. heart disease

b. diabetes

An important motivator of prosocial behavior is a. sympathy b. empathy c. emotional self-regulation d. fear of punishment

b. empathy

Research shows that declines in well-being following divorce are greatest for a. noncustodial fathers b. mothers of young children c. mothers of children in middle school d. mothers of teens

b. mothers of young children

Candace and Christina sit side by side playing with their dolls. They do not talk or try to influence each other. They are engaging in _______ play. a. nonsocial b. parallel c. associative d. cooperative

b. parallel

Which of the following statements about attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is true? a. all children with ADHD are hyperactive b. fraternal twins are more likely than identical twins to have ADHD c. boys are diagnosed with ADHD about four times as often as girls d. for a child to be diagnosed with ADHD, symptoms must appear before age 5

c. boys are diagnosed with ADHD about four times as often as girls

According to Erikson, a sense of ______ can develop in middle childhood when family life fails to prepare children for school life or when teachers and peers destroy children's self-confidence with negative responses. a. shame b. mistrust c. inferiority d. despair

c. inferiority

Two-year-old Aidan says, "We saw two deers." Aidan is demonstrating a. overextension b. underextension c. overregulation d. underregulation

c. overregulation

IQ often enters into educational decisions because it a. helps to identify strategies for teaching poorly performing students b. assesses a child's ability to profit from instruction in the general education classroom c. predicts school performance and educational attainment d. provides an accurate measure of practical intelligence

c. predicts school performance and educational attainment

Authoritarian parents a. make few or no demands b. permit children to make age-appropriate decisions c. rarely listen to the child's point of view d. are emotionally detached and withdrawn

c. rarely listen to the child's point of view

On a measure of peer acceptance, Michael received a large number of positive and negative votes. Michael would be considered a ______ child. a. neglected b. rejected c. popular d. controversial

d. controversial

During a conservation-of-water experiment, Emme can focus on several aspects of the problem and relate them, rather than centering on just one aspect. Therefore, Emme is capable of a. seriation b. class inclusion c. reversibility d. decentration

d. decentration

According to Erikson, the psychological conflict of the preschool years is a. trust versus mistrust b. autonomy versus shame and doubt c. industry versus inferiority d. initiative versus guilt

d. initiative versus guilt

Noncustoidal fathers who see their children only occasionally tend to take a(n) _______ style of parenting. a. authoritarian b. authoritative c. uninvolved d. permissive

d. permissive

Five-year-old Chaim is participating in Piaget's three-mountains problem. When Chaim is asked to pick the picture that shows what the display looks like from the doll's perspective, he will most likely select a. correct picture but not be able to explain why he chose it b. picture that shows the researcher's point of view c. correct picture and be able to explain why he chose it d. picture that shows his own point of view

d. picture that shows his own point of view