Listen Chapter 10

Exposition

The first section of a fugue

Ostinato

A motive, phrase, theme repeated over and over again

How many movements in each concerto and what are the like?

First movement: fast and excited Second Movement: Slower more emotional Third movement: Similar to thh first except faster

Rise in Instrumental music challenges

Length, coherence, sustaining interest

Baroque Variation Form

Simultaneous repetition and contrast Short theme repeated and varied Dynamics, tone color, harmonies change often Key tempo and mode change less often

Bach-Well Tempered Clavier

Upward moving arpeggio rich succession of chords some dissonant harmonies no episodes no countersubjects

Subject entries

appearances of the entire fugue subject after the opening exposition

Stretto

overlapping entrances of the fugue subject in several voices simultaneously

concerto grosso

the main early Baroque type of concerto, for a group of solo instrument and a small orchestra

Handel Minuet-Royal Fireworks Music

Composed to celebrate the end of the war of the austrian succession.

Brandenburg Concertos

Set of six concertos Gift to Margave of Brandenburg

Ritornello

The orchestral material at the beginning of the of the grosso which always returns later in the piece

Binary Form

aabb

Two most important orchestral genres of the Baroque era are:

.Concerto .Concerto Grosso

Ritornello Form

A Baroque musical form based recurrences of the ritornello

Apreggio

A chord broken so that its pitches are played in rapid succession rather than simultaneously

Fugue

A composition written systematically in imitative polyphony, usually with a single main theme

Variation Form

A form in which a single melodic unit is repeated with harmonic, rhythmic, dynamic, or timbral changes

Dance Suite

A grouping of miscellaneous dances .Last dance always fast Specific dance, meter, tempo, rhythmic

Episodes

A passage that does not contain any complete appearances of the fugue subject

Dance Suite

A piece consisting of dances

Movement

A self contained section of a larger piece such as a symphany or concerto grosso

Countersubject

A subsidiary melodic line that appears regularly in counterpoint w/ the subject

Prelude

An introducing piece leading to another

Ground Bass

An ostinato in bass

Bach

Church organist to court musician

The concept of the concerto is :

Contrast between solo (or soloists) and orchestra

Concerto Grosso

For a group of soloists and an orchestra

true of a ritornello?

It usually returns only in part and in different keys as the movement proceeds.

Antonio Vivaldi

Known as "Red Priest", Virtuoso Violinist, composer, teacher, settled in vienna at the end of life

Dance and Trio

Larger Scale ABA Dance-aabb trio-ccdd dance-ab

Fugue Topic

Most characteristic form of Baroque music Exposition:subject:episode:subject:Episode etc. Built on a theme Each voice presents the theme in full

Vivaldi's Concerto in G

Opus 4=Vivladi's 4th Published set of concertos La Stravaganza - Descriptive title of set No. 12- piece's number in the set Movements 1 and 111 are in Ritornello Movement II is in the ground bass

Bach Gigue

Part of a set of six suites for solo celle aabb

Inversion

Reading or playing a melody or twelve tone series upside down

Ritornello vs Episode

Ritornello = Familiar, solid, Full orchestra Episode= Free, always new, contrasting solos

No. 5

Solo Group: Flute violin harpsichord movement 1 extended , movement/dramatic homophonic feel, imitative polyphony Cadenza- improvised solo passage near the end of the concerto's 1st movement

Subject Entries vs Episodes

Subject entries= Fixed,Stable Episodes=Free, unstable

Subject

The term for the principle theme of a fugue

concerto

a large composition for orchestra and solo instruments

What is contained in Bach's Well-Tempered Clavier?

preludes and fugues written in every key and in both major and minor modes