Listen Chapter 10
Exposition
The first section of a fugue
Ostinato
A motive, phrase, theme repeated over and over again
How many movements in each concerto and what are the like?
First movement: fast and excited Second Movement: Slower more emotional Third movement: Similar to thh first except faster
Rise in Instrumental music challenges
Length, coherence, sustaining interest
Baroque Variation Form
Simultaneous repetition and contrast Short theme repeated and varied Dynamics, tone color, harmonies change often Key tempo and mode change less often
Bach-Well Tempered Clavier
Upward moving arpeggio rich succession of chords some dissonant harmonies no episodes no countersubjects
Subject entries
appearances of the entire fugue subject after the opening exposition
Stretto
overlapping entrances of the fugue subject in several voices simultaneously
concerto grosso
the main early Baroque type of concerto, for a group of solo instrument and a small orchestra
Handel Minuet-Royal Fireworks Music
Composed to celebrate the end of the war of the austrian succession.
Brandenburg Concertos
Set of six concertos Gift to Margave of Brandenburg
Ritornello
The orchestral material at the beginning of the of the grosso which always returns later in the piece
Binary Form
aabb
Two most important orchestral genres of the Baroque era are:
.Concerto .Concerto Grosso
Ritornello Form
A Baroque musical form based recurrences of the ritornello
Apreggio
A chord broken so that its pitches are played in rapid succession rather than simultaneously
Fugue
A composition written systematically in imitative polyphony, usually with a single main theme
Variation Form
A form in which a single melodic unit is repeated with harmonic, rhythmic, dynamic, or timbral changes
Dance Suite
A grouping of miscellaneous dances .Last dance always fast Specific dance, meter, tempo, rhythmic
Episodes
A passage that does not contain any complete appearances of the fugue subject
Dance Suite
A piece consisting of dances
Movement
A self contained section of a larger piece such as a symphany or concerto grosso
Countersubject
A subsidiary melodic line that appears regularly in counterpoint w/ the subject
Prelude
An introducing piece leading to another
Ground Bass
An ostinato in bass
Bach
Church organist to court musician
The concept of the concerto is :
Contrast between solo (or soloists) and orchestra
Concerto Grosso
For a group of soloists and an orchestra
true of a ritornello?
It usually returns only in part and in different keys as the movement proceeds.
Antonio Vivaldi
Known as "Red Priest", Virtuoso Violinist, composer, teacher, settled in vienna at the end of life
Dance and Trio
Larger Scale ABA Dance-aabb trio-ccdd dance-ab
Fugue Topic
Most characteristic form of Baroque music Exposition:subject:episode:subject:Episode etc. Built on a theme Each voice presents the theme in full
Vivaldi's Concerto in G
Opus 4=Vivladi's 4th Published set of concertos La Stravaganza - Descriptive title of set No. 12- piece's number in the set Movements 1 and 111 are in Ritornello Movement II is in the ground bass
Bach Gigue
Part of a set of six suites for solo celle aabb
Inversion
Reading or playing a melody or twelve tone series upside down
Ritornello vs Episode
Ritornello = Familiar, solid, Full orchestra Episode= Free, always new, contrasting solos
No. 5
Solo Group: Flute violin harpsichord movement 1 extended , movement/dramatic homophonic feel, imitative polyphony Cadenza- improvised solo passage near the end of the concerto's 1st movement
Subject Entries vs Episodes
Subject entries= Fixed,Stable Episodes=Free, unstable
Subject
The term for the principle theme of a fugue
concerto
a large composition for orchestra and solo instruments
What is contained in Bach's Well-Tempered Clavier?
preludes and fugues written in every key and in both major and minor modes