LIVER PENNY

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Amebic hepatic abscess

*from a parasite. round, hyp or anechoic mass, may contain debris, acoustic enhanement

hepatic candidiasis

*patients that are immunocompromised* multiple hyperechoic masses with hypoechoic. "HALO" or "BULLS EYE" sign

normal liver measurement

13-15cm in adult

main portal vein diameter

13mm

portal vein diameter should not exceed

13mm

the diameter of the portal vein should not exceed

13mm

the liver is covered by

Glisson's capsule

the liver is a ________ organ

INTRAperitoneal

portal veins are

INTRAsegmental

right-sided heart failure often leads to enlargement of the

IVC and hepatic veins

what is located within the porta hepatis?

MPV, CBD and hepatic artery

the flow of the portal vein should be

Monophasic and hepatopetal (toward)

focal nodular hyperplasia

SECOND most common benign. typically has a central scar.

cavernous hemangioma

THE MOST COMMON BENIGN liver tumor. more common in women. small hyperechoic mass

The right lobe is divided into ______ and _____ segments by the _____ hepatic vein

The right lobe is divided into anterior and posterior segments by the right hepatic vein

the most common cause of cirrhosis is

aloholism

the right portal vein divides into

anterior and posterior branches

the right lobe of the liver can be divided into

anterior and posterior segments

portal veins have _____ walls than hepatic veins

brighter

occlusion of the hepatic veins is seen in

budd-chiari syndrome

immunocompromised patients are more prone to develop what form of hepatic abnormality?

candidiasis

______ lobe is the smallest separated by the ligamentum venosum and posteriorly by the IVC

caudate lobe

hydatid or echinococcal cyst

cause by PARASITES. sono: "WATER LILLY" sign. "MOTHER DAUGHTER" sign. calcifications within a cyst

common hepatic artery is a branch of the

celiac trunk, anterior to the main portal vein, and posterior to the CBD

pyogenic hepatic abscess

complex cyst with thick walls may produce shadows

hepatic hematoma

consequence of trauma or surgery.

portal vein thrombosis

development of a clot within the portal vein. can be caused by oral BC!

hepatic veins

drain into the ivc, are intersegmental and interlobar, have a TRIphasic flow

when the liver is difficult to penetrate and diffusely echogenic, this is indicative of

fatty liver disease

the liver is responsible for

hemopoiesis- development of blood cells

which hepatic mass is loosely associated with oral contraceptive use?

hepatic adenoma

budd-chiari syndrome leads to a reduction in the size of the

hepatic veins

normal flow in the portal vein is

hepatopetal, TOWARD

hepatitis

inflammation of the liver. rise in AST, ALT and bilirubin. sono: STARRY SKY, Gallbladder wall thickening

the main portal vein divides into

left and right branches

the left umbilical vein after birth becomes the

ligamentum teres

shortly after birth, the ductus venosus collapses and becomes the

ligamentum venosum

the ductus venosus becomes the

ligamentum venosum

the ____ ____ ____ is the ligament going to the GB

main lobar fissure

hepatoblastoma

malignant pediatric liver tumor. strong association with beckwith-wiedemann syndrome. clinical:palpable abdominal mass, elevated serum AFP, jaundice. sono: solid, hyper, heterogeneous mass that may contain calcifications.

the left lobe of the liver can be divided into

medial and lateral segments

the left portal vein divides into

medial and lateral segments

the ligamentum teres can be used to separate the

medial and lateral segments of the left lobe

what is the most common form of liver cancer?

metastatic liver disease

the left lobe of the liver can be separated from the right lobe by

middle hepatic vein

the main lobar fissure contains the

middle hepatic vein

the right and left lobes are separated by the

middle hepatic vein

hepatic metastasis

more common than primary liver cancer. unpredictable sonographic appearance may have "target" or "bull's eye" sign.

cirrhosis

necrosis of the liver. *alcoholism most common cause. sono: ascites, shrunken right lobe, nodular surface irregularity, splenomegaly, hepatofugal portal vein flow, monophasic hepatic flow.

budd-chiari syndrome

occlusion of the hepatic veins. can be caused by oral BC. clinical: rise in alkaline phosphatase. sono:cannot visualize hepatic veins, enlarged caudate, lack of flow.

the inferior extension of the caudate lobe is referred to as

papillary process

hepatocellular adenoma

rare BENIGN liver tumor. associated with oral BC. can look hypo, hyper, iso

Fatty liver

reversible. sono: echogenic walls of hepatics and diaphragm not easily imaged.

the right intersegmental fissure contains the

right hepatic vein

the right lobe of the liver is divided into segments by the

right hepatic vein

_____ lobe is the largest

right lobe

enlargement of the hepatic veins is seen in

right sided heart abnormalities budd-chiari

portal hypertension

rise of blood pressure within the portal venous system. caused by PV thrombosis and cirrhosis

the left umbilical vein becomes the ligamentum

teres or round ligament

the left lobe is separated into ____ and ____ segments by the ____ hepatic vein

the left lobe is separated into medial and lateral segments by the left hepatic vein

hepatocellular carcinoma

the most COMMON primary form of liver cancer. most often seen in men. associated with a hepatoma. tumor marker serum AFP. unpredictable sonographic appearance. could have a mass with a hypoechoic halo.

riedels lobe

toungue-like extension of the right lobe, more often seen in women


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