LIVER PENNY
Amebic hepatic abscess
*from a parasite. round, hyp or anechoic mass, may contain debris, acoustic enhanement
hepatic candidiasis
*patients that are immunocompromised* multiple hyperechoic masses with hypoechoic. "HALO" or "BULLS EYE" sign
normal liver measurement
13-15cm in adult
main portal vein diameter
13mm
portal vein diameter should not exceed
13mm
the diameter of the portal vein should not exceed
13mm
the liver is covered by
Glisson's capsule
the liver is a ________ organ
INTRAperitoneal
portal veins are
INTRAsegmental
right-sided heart failure often leads to enlargement of the
IVC and hepatic veins
what is located within the porta hepatis?
MPV, CBD and hepatic artery
the flow of the portal vein should be
Monophasic and hepatopetal (toward)
focal nodular hyperplasia
SECOND most common benign. typically has a central scar.
cavernous hemangioma
THE MOST COMMON BENIGN liver tumor. more common in women. small hyperechoic mass
The right lobe is divided into ______ and _____ segments by the _____ hepatic vein
The right lobe is divided into anterior and posterior segments by the right hepatic vein
the most common cause of cirrhosis is
aloholism
the right portal vein divides into
anterior and posterior branches
the right lobe of the liver can be divided into
anterior and posterior segments
portal veins have _____ walls than hepatic veins
brighter
occlusion of the hepatic veins is seen in
budd-chiari syndrome
immunocompromised patients are more prone to develop what form of hepatic abnormality?
candidiasis
______ lobe is the smallest separated by the ligamentum venosum and posteriorly by the IVC
caudate lobe
hydatid or echinococcal cyst
cause by PARASITES. sono: "WATER LILLY" sign. "MOTHER DAUGHTER" sign. calcifications within a cyst
common hepatic artery is a branch of the
celiac trunk, anterior to the main portal vein, and posterior to the CBD
pyogenic hepatic abscess
complex cyst with thick walls may produce shadows
hepatic hematoma
consequence of trauma or surgery.
portal vein thrombosis
development of a clot within the portal vein. can be caused by oral BC!
hepatic veins
drain into the ivc, are intersegmental and interlobar, have a TRIphasic flow
when the liver is difficult to penetrate and diffusely echogenic, this is indicative of
fatty liver disease
the liver is responsible for
hemopoiesis- development of blood cells
which hepatic mass is loosely associated with oral contraceptive use?
hepatic adenoma
budd-chiari syndrome leads to a reduction in the size of the
hepatic veins
normal flow in the portal vein is
hepatopetal, TOWARD
hepatitis
inflammation of the liver. rise in AST, ALT and bilirubin. sono: STARRY SKY, Gallbladder wall thickening
the main portal vein divides into
left and right branches
the left umbilical vein after birth becomes the
ligamentum teres
shortly after birth, the ductus venosus collapses and becomes the
ligamentum venosum
the ductus venosus becomes the
ligamentum venosum
the ____ ____ ____ is the ligament going to the GB
main lobar fissure
hepatoblastoma
malignant pediatric liver tumor. strong association with beckwith-wiedemann syndrome. clinical:palpable abdominal mass, elevated serum AFP, jaundice. sono: solid, hyper, heterogeneous mass that may contain calcifications.
the left lobe of the liver can be divided into
medial and lateral segments
the left portal vein divides into
medial and lateral segments
the ligamentum teres can be used to separate the
medial and lateral segments of the left lobe
what is the most common form of liver cancer?
metastatic liver disease
the left lobe of the liver can be separated from the right lobe by
middle hepatic vein
the main lobar fissure contains the
middle hepatic vein
the right and left lobes are separated by the
middle hepatic vein
hepatic metastasis
more common than primary liver cancer. unpredictable sonographic appearance may have "target" or "bull's eye" sign.
cirrhosis
necrosis of the liver. *alcoholism most common cause. sono: ascites, shrunken right lobe, nodular surface irregularity, splenomegaly, hepatofugal portal vein flow, monophasic hepatic flow.
budd-chiari syndrome
occlusion of the hepatic veins. can be caused by oral BC. clinical: rise in alkaline phosphatase. sono:cannot visualize hepatic veins, enlarged caudate, lack of flow.
the inferior extension of the caudate lobe is referred to as
papillary process
hepatocellular adenoma
rare BENIGN liver tumor. associated with oral BC. can look hypo, hyper, iso
Fatty liver
reversible. sono: echogenic walls of hepatics and diaphragm not easily imaged.
the right intersegmental fissure contains the
right hepatic vein
the right lobe of the liver is divided into segments by the
right hepatic vein
_____ lobe is the largest
right lobe
enlargement of the hepatic veins is seen in
right sided heart abnormalities budd-chiari
portal hypertension
rise of blood pressure within the portal venous system. caused by PV thrombosis and cirrhosis
the left umbilical vein becomes the ligamentum
teres or round ligament
the left lobe is separated into ____ and ____ segments by the ____ hepatic vein
the left lobe is separated into medial and lateral segments by the left hepatic vein
hepatocellular carcinoma
the most COMMON primary form of liver cancer. most often seen in men. associated with a hepatoma. tumor marker serum AFP. unpredictable sonographic appearance. could have a mass with a hypoechoic halo.
riedels lobe
toungue-like extension of the right lobe, more often seen in women