LS 6

immune cells found in the epidermis are called

epidermal dendritic cells

friction ridges are used as forensic tools because they can leave noticeable prints on touched surfaces, commonly called

finger prints

the subcutaneous layer is also known as the ________ or superficial fascia

hypodermis

the amount of melanin in the skin is determined by both hereditary and

light exposure

the first three strata of the epidermis consists of _______ keratinocytes and the most superficial strata contain ______ keratinocytes

living, dead

in thick skin, there is an extra layer of epidermal cells, this layer is called the stratum

lucidum

in the third step of wound healing, _______ within the wound begin to remove blood clotting

macrophages

When exposed to the sun, the ______ become more active and secrete a protein that gives the skin a tanned look

melanocytes

skin is classified as either thick or thin based on two parameters: the number of _______ in the epidermis and the relative ______ of the epidermis, rather than the thickness of the entire integument

strata, thickness

cyst

a fluid-filled nodule that can become severely inflamed and painful and can lead to scarring

the nail matrix is the

actively growing part of the nail

main functions of the subcutaneous layer are

acts as energy reservoir, protects the body, provides thermal insulation

________ is an inherited recessive condition where the enzyme needed to produce melanin is nonfunctional

albinism

scientifically, thinning of the hair on the scalp is called

alopecia

two types of sweat glands in the skin

apocrine and merocrine

the net effect of vasoconstriction of the dermal blood vessels is a shunting of blood _______ from the periphery of the body to _______ heat

away, conserve

what are the functions of the skin

barrier to water loss, calcitriol production, heat regulation

the layer of skin from which most new epidermal cells are derived from is the strata

basale

a hemangloma is a congenital anomaly that results in skin disorder due to _________ that proliferate and form a benign tumor

blood vessels

Women often accumulate subcutaneous fat in the _____. ______, hips and thighs

breasts, buttocks

In the first step of wound healing, the blood brings which of the following?

clotting proteins

a major concern of third degree bunrns is

dehydration

potential complications of a wound under repair include

fluid loss and infection

in the third step of wound healing, the cut blood vessels _______ and grow in the wound

regenerate

stratum lucidum is only found in the

thick skin

_________ layers of keratinocytes comprise the stratum granulosum

3-5

two exocrine glands

sweat and sebaceous

When ______ binds oxygen, it exhibits a bright red color, giving blood vessels in the dermis a reddish tint that is most easily observed in the skin of lightly pigmented individuals

hemogoblin

vasodilation of the dermal blood vessels means that the diameter of the vessels ______, so relatively _______ blood can travel through them

increase, more

f the body is too warm the dermal blood vessels _________ so more blood can travel _________ to the surface and excess can be lost

vasodilate, close

comedo

a sebaceous glands duct plugged with sebum

ceruminous glands secrete their waxy substance into the external ear canal, the secretion is called

cerumen

The word reticular means "network" and refers to the web like meshwork of _______ fibers

collagen

lines of cleavage (tension lines) in the skin relate to the predominant orientation of ________ fiber bundles

collagen

the predominant type of protein fiber found in the dermis is the

collagen

the main structural components of the reticular layer is primarily a network of _____ fibers that extend internally from the _______ layer of the dermis into the underlying subcutaneous layer.

collagen, reticular

the specific orientation of ______ fiber bundles in the dermis is a result of the direction of applied ______ during routine movement

collagen, stress

in thick skin, the layers of epidermis that contain dead keratinocytes are the stratum lucidum and stratum ______

corneum

vasoconstriction means the diameter of the vessels _______. so relatively ______ blood can travel through them

decrease, less

the ________ contains the capillaries that supply nutrients to the cells of the epidermis

dermal papillae

the spiny appearance of stratum spinosum cells is primarily due to the tenacious nature of ________, which function to hold these non-dividing cells together

desmosomes

pustule

dome shaped lesions filled with a mixture of white blood cells, dead skin cells, and bacteria

in the second step of wound healing, a blood clot temporarily patches the _______ of the wound together and acts as a barrier to prevent the entry of _______ into the body

edges, pathogens

the keratinocytes within the stratum lucidum are flattened and filled with the protein _______, an intermediate product in the process of keratin maturation

eleidin

second degree burns involve ______ and part of the _______

epidermis, dermis

a freckle is an area of ______ ________ activity, a nevus is caused by and increase in _________ numbers

excessive melanocyte, melanocyte

in the layer of the epidermis called the stratum _______ , keratinization begins

granulosum

the secretion of apocrine sweat glands are carried into

hair follicles

in the fourth step of wound healing ___________ of the epidermis occurs

regeneration

damaged tissue is repaired one of two ways

regeneration and fibrosis formation

When part of the skin is too severely damaged or its cells lack the capacity to divide, the body fills in the gap with _____ tissue, this process is called ______

scar, fibrosis

_______ lubricates the epidermis and hair and helps make the integument water resistant

sebum

When compressed, tactile cells release chemicals that stimulate _____ _______ endings in the dermis

sensory nerve

apocrine sweat glands are classified as __________ glands

simple, coiled, tubular

after a stem cell divides in the stratum basale, the resulting daughter cell enters the stratum ___________, and it begins to lose its ability to divide

spinosum

epidermal dendritic cells are found in which strata

spinosum and granulosum

tactile cells

stimulated by light touch and light pressure also called merkel cells large epithelial cells

the secretion from merocrine sweat glands are carried to the surface of the epidermis via __________

sweat ducts

function of cerumen (earwax)

to lubricate external acoustic meatus

the substance that makes sweat feel gritty are water, salts, and

urea

the root and shaft of the hair is ________ while the bulb of the hair is ________

dead, living

the main function of melanin pigment is to protect the _______ of keratinocytes from UV radiation

nucleus

main function of the mecocrine sweat glands are

protection, secretion, thermoregulation

the secretion produced by apocrine sweat glans is viscous, cloudy, and composed of _______ and _______ that are acted upon by bacteria, producing a distinct, noticeable odor

proteins and lipids

the _______ layer of the dermis consists primarily of dense irregular connective tissue with large bundles of collagen fibers

reticular

nodule

can be prone to scarring

_____________ hemangiomas or 'strawberry-colored birthmarks' appear in the skin as bright red or deep purple nodules tat usually disappear in childhood

capillary

the most abundant type of cell in the epidermis

keratinocytes

organs involved in making calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D?

kidney, liver, skin

3 types of hair in our lifetime

lanugo, vellus, terminal

the most numerous and widely distribute sweat glands in the body are

merocrine

during keratinization the ___________ and organelles of the cells disintegrate and the cells start to die

nucleus