LS Ch 4
At a dinner meeting in Japan, two executives sat down, leaving the middle seat open for their third associate, even though it meant one of them would have to get up to let him in. This is because, in Japan, the middle seat is reserved for the most senior member of the group. This is an example of a
folkway
When the new neighbors moved in, Naghma told her family it would be appropriate for them to make a batch of cookies and take them over to the neighbors and introduce themselves. This social convention is an example of a(n) _____.
folkway
What is the proposed sixth dimension to Hofstede's work proposed by Geert Hofstede?
indulgence versus restraint
In post-independence India, some think that the values of Hindu asceticism and self-reliance advocated by Gandhi had a(n) ______ impact on economic development.
negative
There is a _____ one-to-one relationship between a society and a nation-state.
non-strict
In historic British society, who was included in the middle class?
those who worked in professional occupations
The long-term versus short-term orientation identified by Hofstede captures people's attitudes toward _____.
time
When the voters were asked their opinion on the death penalty, the majority of the people responded that it wasn't right and should be eliminated. Their opinion is a reflection of their _____.
values
Which two phrases reflect the economic implications of Islam?
Hold property as trustees, rather than as owners (per Western definition of ownership), Cannot earn profit through exploitation of others
What is part of the "hidden curriculum" of schools?
Obedience to authority, Respect for others, Being on time
In most Western societies the ______ is emphasized, whereas in Japan the _____ is more important.
individual; group
The religion where followers try to achieve nirvana or spiritual enlightenment is _____.
Buddhism
What are three positive aspects associated with the collectivist attitude found in the Japanese business culture?
Cooperation within the group is driven by the need to improve group performance, Workers tend to remain at the same company for a long time -- even a lifetime, There is strong incentive for individuals to work together for the common good.
What is considered appropriate personal space when conducting business in the United States?
5-8 ft.
The "Zen" orientation trend in the Western world stems from which religious teaching?
Buddhism
Of the four dominant religions in the world today, which has the largest number of adherents?
Christianity
What is the best description of the labor-management relationship in an organization based in Confucian culture?
Cooperation is achieved at a lower cost
Country A has a free market economy and group-oriented social structure. Country B has all of the same traits, but also possesses an advanced education system. Which country would be the better investment site?
Country B
What are two implications of culture in international business?
There is a connection between culture and ethics., There is a need to develop cross-cultural literacy.
As modernization occurs, what has occurred that is contrary to the Buddha's teaching?
There is more separation between people and nature
True or false: Economic advancement and globalization may be important factors in societal change.
True
Which factor seems to have the least significance in explaining differences in economic growth between nations?
culture
Culture can best be described as a ______ phenomenon.
dynamic
The GLOBE instrument addresses the idea that a leader's effectiveness is ____
embedded in organizational norms
The focus on individual religious freedom associated with Protestantism may have set the stage for
entrepreneurship
The orthodox Muslim is required to pray____ times a day
five
When discussing Islam, the Koran actually promotes _____.
free enterprise
Max Weber advocated that the Protestant ethic was associated with the importance of _____.
hard work
The _____ degree of social mobility in the U.S. limits the impact of class background on business operations.
high
Islamic fundamentalists are usually ______ toward Western-based businesses.
hostile
The economic principles of Islam prohibit a bank from paying or receiving _____.
interest
In Islamic banks, a mudarabah contract is a way for the bank to
make money
In an organization operating in a Confucian culture, it would be the sacred duty of an employee to be loyal to his or her
manager
According to Hofstede, in a _____ culture, sex roles are sharply differentiated
masculine
Hindus believe that an individual can achieve a state of complete spiritual perfection known as _____ by practicing material and physical self-denial.
nirvana
In business today, "Zen" is equated to
ordinary nothingness
What has made a major contribution to society's emphasis on extended social groups?
social media
A class system is characterized by the fact that a person can move from one ______ to another.
social strata
Buddhism has all the same basic beliefs as Hinduism except for _____.
support for the caste system., advocacy of extreme ascetic behavior,
In a caste system, change in position is _____ during one's lifetime.
usually not possible
During his study of the Japanese culture, Jeremy learned that lifetime employment with one company is very common in certain sectors. This trait is probably the result of
the collectivistic nature of the culture
The convergence hypothesis is based on the idea that
the divergence of cultures across the world has lessened the degree of cultural variation.
One reason for the rise of Islamic fundamentalism is the response to social pressures in traditional Islamic societies brought on by
the influence of Western thought
______ supply the standards and models for acceptable behavior in a society.
Norms
Culture that is defined as a system of values and norms that are shared among a group of people and that when taken together constitute a design for living stems from the work of which expert?
Hofstede
There is a need for every business in the international marketplace to understand the prevailing culture in the countries that they are doing business in. This is known as
cross-cultural literacy.
What are two criticisms of Hostede's work?
Hofstede's research was culturally bound., Hostede assumed a one-to-one correspondence between culture and nation.
Which three qualities are emphasized by Japanese businesses?
Education, Loyalty, Honesty
Which language is increasingly becoming the language of international business?
English
True or false: According to the Koran, the receipt of interest within the banking system is considered suitable for businesses but not individuals.
False
True or false: Folkways are atypical morally significant actions in everyday life.
False
The World Values Survey includes which three dimensions?
Impact of globalization, Support for gender equality, Support for democracy
What is a characteristic of a typical business based in Japan?
Individuals strongly identify with their company.
What directs the attention of a society to specific features of the world and structures how people perceive them?
Language
What are three characteristics of Confucianism?
Loyalty to others, High ethical conduct, High moral standards
What are three rituals associated with orthodox Muslims?
Muslims are forbidden to consume pork., Muslims participate in a daily prayer ritual., Muslims are forbidden to consume alcohol.
What are three advantages of learning the native language when conducting international business?
People prefer to speak in their own language., Prevent major blunders through improper translation., You can build rapport more easily.
What are three of the determinants of culture?
Political Philosophy, Economic Philosophy, Social Structure
______ is the Hofstede dimension that describes the extent to which individuals do not have the same levels of physical and intellectual capability.
Power Distance
The ______ system is a less rigid form of social stratification than the _____ system.
class; caste
Class ______ is an awareness of one's social or economic rank in society.
consciousness
