M3-THE INTERNET (B)
ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network)
(1969) one of the first packet switching computer networks using TCP/IP; prototype for the internet
IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6)
128 bit address, written as eight groups of four hexadecimal digits (produces billions more than IPv4)
IPv4 (Internet Protocol version 4)
32-bit address assigned to a host and usually represented in dotted decimal format (offers about 4 billion unique addresses)
NAT (Network Address Translation)
A form of Internet security that conceals internal addressing schemes from external networks such as the Internet (only public router address is available, can't find private one)
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)
A network service that provides automatic assignment of IP addresses and other TCP /IP configuration information.
static IP address
An IP address that is manually assigned to a device and remains constant until it is manually changed (ISPs, websites, and email servers usually need these to be found at same address)
dynamic IP address
An assigned IP address that is temporarily assigned and then recycled after Internet connection is stopped
Which of the following dedicates a communication channel to each data transmission?
Circuit-switched network
When connected to a network, your computer can receive an address from ________
DHCP
top level domain
Domains (including .net, .org, .com, .mil. and the set .xx country codes) at the end of a domain name are the highest level of the domain name hierarchy.
Internet backbone
Formed by Tier 1 networks-a system of high-capacity routers and fiber optic communication links providing the MAIN routes for data speeding across the Internet
The Internet's supply of ___ addresses ran out in 2011.
IPv4
An IP address that contains 84a3 would be an
IPv6 address
ISPs exchange data at _____________
IXPs (Internet eXchange Point)
UDP (User Datagram Protocol)
Protocol that operates instead of TCP in applications where delivery speed is important and quality can be sacrificed (cannot error check or reorder packets)
Communication ports __________
Simulate the dedicated circuits that exist on circuit-switching networks.
Which data transport protocol includes robust-error checking?
TCP
____ and UDP are two of the main protocols used to transport data over the Internet.
TCP
DNS (Domain Name System)
The mechanism for tracking domain names and their corresponding IP addresses
Which ISP is not subject to transport fees from other tiers?
Tier 1
DNS spoofing
Unauthorized changes to the DNS (alter destination of email, browser connection, or download requests) used to redirect from legit site to fake one
When might you want to change your DNS server?
When the DNS server currently used goes down, when traveling and other DNS servers are closer, or if you suspect that DNS server is being hacked
packets
a parcel of data that is sent across a computer network
internet governance
a set of shared protocols, procedures, and technologies that evolve through common agreement among network providers
communication port
a virtual end point for data entering and leaving a digital device
packet switching
divides a message into several packets that can be routed independently to their destination (more efficient)
The ARPANET was
essentially a pilot program for what later became the internet
circuit switching
establishes a dedicated, private link between one telephone and another for the duration of a call
The Internet backbone _________
is maintained by ISPs
domain name server
maintains list of all domain names and corresponding IP addresses
ISP (Internet Service Provider)
maintains the internet backbone; supplies routers/DCEs and other physical and wireless channels that carry data
ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers)
organization that supervises the Internet
The Internet uses ___ switching technology to route data from many different messages over a single communication channel.
packet
Files are divided into ___ before being shipped over the Internet.
packets
IP (Internet Protocol)
part of the Internet protocol suite; two sets of addresses: IPv4 and IPv6
___ IP addresses are not routable over the Internet.
private
Each record in the domain name system __________
represents a correspondence between a domain name and an IP address
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)
responsible for dividing files into chunks, adding headers containing information for reassembling packets in their original order, and verifying that the data was not corrupted while in transit
The primary role of ICANN is to
supervise Internet address assignments
domain name
text version of an IP address (easier to remember)
Internet infrastructure
the computers and software connected to the Internet and the communications networks over which the message packets travel (network of networks that fit together)
What's the purpose of the domain name system?
translate domain names into IP addresses
A local network's router uses an address _________ table to keep track of private IP addresses.
translation
