Male repro & Female repro quiz questions

Thecal cells in the follicle are not able to produce what sex steroid? A. Estradiol B. Testosterone C. Progesterone D. Dihydrotestosterone

A. Estradiol

Which of the following reside in the peritubular compartment of the testes? A. Leydig cells B. Sertoli cells C. Spermatogenic stem cells (spermatogonia) D. Somatotrophic cells

A. Leydig cells

What is the name given to a young woman's first menstrual period? A. Menarche. B. Menses. C. Eclampsia D. Amenorrhea.

A. Menarche

A man who has been exposed to high levels of gamma radiation is sterile due to destruction of the germinal epithelium of the seminiferous tubules, although he has normal levels of testosterone. Which of the following would be found in this patient? A. Normal secretory pattern of gonadotropin-releasing hormone B. Normal levels of inhibin C. Suppressed levels of follicle-stimulating hormone D. Absence of Leydig cells

A. Normal secretory pattern of gonadotropin-releasing Gamma radiation destroys the cells undergoing the most rapid rates of mitosis and meiosis, the germinal epithelium of the testes. The man described has normal testosterone levels, suggesting that the secretory patterns of gonadotropin-releasing hormone and luteinizing hormone are normal and that his Leydig cells are functional. Because he is not producing sperm, the levels of inhibin secreted by the Sertoli cells would be maximally suppressed, and his levels of follicle-stimulating hormone would be strongly elevated.

Base on new research, what factor stimulates oxytocin release by the posterior pituitary during lactation? A. Suckling of the baby B. Vitamins C and D C. Release of prolactin D. Release of progesterone

A. Suckling of the baby

Once conception takes place, which of the following must occur in order for the pregnancy to proceed in a healthy fashion? A. The corpus luteum must secrete progesterone to sustain the endometrium. B. The pituitary must secrete hCG to maintain the corpus luteum. C. The placenta must secrete FSH to maintain ovarian function. D. The placenta must secrete LH to maintain ovarian function.

A. The corpus luteum must secrete progesterone to sustain the endometrium.

In pregnancy, estriol is the major estrogen. The formation of estriol during pregnancy requires assistance from the fetus. Which of the following describes the role of the fetus in the synthesis of estriol during pregnancy? A. The fetal liver provides 16-OH DHEA-sulfate to the placenta to be converted into estriol. B. The fetal adrenal gland provides pregnenolone to the placenta to be converted into estriol. C. The fetal adrenal gland provides aromatase to the placenta to be converted into estriol. D. The fetal liver provides pregnenolone to the placenta to be converted into estriol.

A. The fetal liver provides 16-OH DHEA-sulfate to the placenta to be converted into estriol.

Which hormone only has a biological function in women? A. prolactin B. thyroid-stimulating hormone C. follicle stimulating hormone D. luteinizing hormone

A. prolactin

With respect to hormonal changes during pregnancy, which of the following is the source of estrogen and progesterone during the first 2 months of pregnancy? A. Anterior pituitary B. Corpus luteum C. Ovary D. Placenta

B. Corpus luteum

During pregnancy, the fetus plays a role in the formation of maternal steroid A. Testosterone B. Estriol C. Progesterone D. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate

B. Estriol

Which one of the following is true about the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle? A. It occurs as the uterine epithelium regrows under the stimulation of estrogens. B. It begins at ovulation and continues while the corpus luteum is intact. C. It refers to the release of progesterone by the corpus luteum. D. During this phase the follicle develops prior to ovulation.

B. It begins at ovulation and continues while the corpus luteum is intact.

A woman presents to her obstetrician with concerns that she has had trouble breast feeding. She reports that her mother-in-law told her that beer would relax her and allow her milk to flow more readily, but it has not helped, even with drinking up to a six pack a day. Which of the following hormones is involved in the ejection of milk from a lactating mammary gland? A. Estrogen B. Oxytocin C. Progesterone D. Prolactin

B. Oxytocin

What is the hormone responsible for milk production? A. Estradiol B. Prolactin C. Oxytocin D. Progesterone

B. Prolactin

Which of the following is true regarding prolactin? A. Prolactin causes milk ejection during suckling. B. Prolactin inhibits GnRH secretion by the hypothalamus. C. Prolactin inhibits gonadotropin secretion by the pituitary gland. D. Prolactin inhibits growth of breast tissue.

B. Prolactin inhibits GnRH secretion by the hypothalamus.

Which of the following statements regarding Sertoli cells is INCORRECT? A. Sertoli cells secrete antimüllerian Hormone (AMH) B. Sertoli cells secrete testosterone C. Sertoli cells possess receptors for FSH D. Sertoli cells produce inhibin

B. Sertoli cells secrete testosterone

Very early in embryonic development, testosterone is formed within the male embryo. What is the function of this hormone at this stage of development? A. Stimulation of bone growth B. Stimulation of development of male sex organs C. Stimulation of development of skeletal muscle D. Inhibition of luteinizing hormone secretion

B. Stimulation of development of male sex organs

In the male, Leydig cells are responsible for the production of: A. Semen B. Testosterone C. Androgen-binding protein D. Estriol

B. Testosterone

Which one of the following statements is FALSE? A. Before the fertilized ovum reaches the uterus, the mucous membrane of the uterus undergoes important changes forming specialized tissue known as the decidua. B. The endometrium differentiates into a specialized layer of decidual cells under the influence of estrogen. C. The decidua is a thick layer of modified mucous membrane that lines the uterus D. Decidua contributes the maternal portion of the placenta

B. The endometrium differentiates into a specialized layer of decidual cells under the influence of estrogen.

Spermatogenesis is regulated by a negative feedback control system in which follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates the steps in sperm cell formation. What is the negative feedback signal associated with sperm cell production that inhibits pituitary formation of FSH? A. Testosterone B. Inhibin C. Estrogen D. Luteinizing hormone

B. inhibin

Which one of the following effects does luteinizing hormone produce? A. it stimulates the growth of a few follicles each month B. it stimulates ovulation and maintains the corpus luteum C. it prepares the uterus for pregnancy D. it establishes and maintains the secondary sex characteristics

B. it stimulates ovulation and maintains the corpus luteum

Which of the following is a strong indicator that ovulation has taken place? A. A drop in body temperature B. An increase in serum FSH levels C. An increase in serum LH levels D. An increase in serum progesterone levels

C. An increase in serum LH levels

Men who take large doses of testosterone-like androgenic steroids for long periods are sterile in the reproductive sense of the word. What is the explanation for this finding? A. High levels of androgens bind to testosterone receptors in the Sertoli cells, resulting in overstimulation of inhibin formation B. Overstimulation of sperm cell production results in the formation of defective sperm cells C. High levels of androgen compounds inhibit the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone by the hypothalamus, resulting in the inhibition of luteinizing hormone and follicle- stimulating hormone release by the anterior pituitary D. High levels of androgen compounds produce hypertrophic dysfunction of the prostate gland

C. High levels of androgen compounds inhibit the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone by the hypothalamus, resulting in the inhibition of luteinizing hormone and follicle- stimulating hormone release by the anterior pituitary

As the time of delivery of a newborn draws near, the fetal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis increases production of cortisol. The cortisol induces several physiological changes in the fetus to ensure survival outside of the womb. Which of the following in NOT a physiological change induced by fetal cortisol? A. Increased production of thyroid hormone. B. Increased glycogen storage and gluconeogenesis in the fetal liver. C. Increased synthesis of pregnenolone by the fetal liver. D. Structural maturity of the lung tissue.

C. Increased synthesis of pregnenolone by the fetal liver.

What is the mechanism by which luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone return to baseline levels after ovulation? A. Luteinizing hormone surge B. Negative feedback on gonadotropin-releasing hormone by progesterone C. Negative feedback on gonadotropin-releasing hormone by estradiol D. Negative feedback on gonadotropin-releasing hormone from testosterone

C. Negative feedback on gonadotropin-releasing hormone by estradiol

Regarding a normal menstrual cycle, where is the hormone progesterone produced? A. Progesterone is produced by the thecal cells that surround the follicle B. Progesterone is produced by the anterior pituitary C. Progesterone is produced by the corpus luteum D. Progesterone is produced by the developing follicle

C. Progesterone is produced by the corpus luteum

A "birth control" compound for men has been sought for several decades. Which of the following would provide effective sterility? A. Substance that mimics the actions of luteinizing hormone B. Substance that blocks the actions of inhibin C. Substance that blocks the actions of follicle-stimulating hormone D. Substance that mimics the actions of gonadotropin-releasing hormone

C. Substance that blocks the actions of follicle-stimulating hormone

What do the thecal cells produce? A. mucus B. luteinizing hormone C. androgens D. estrogens

C. androgens

Oxytocin is responsible for A. preventing milk release from the mammary glands. B. production of breast milk in the mammary glands. C. causing contraction of the uterus during labor. D. maintaining normal calcium levels.

C. causing contraction of the uterus during labor.

What term is applied to the final two weeks of the menstrual (uterine) cycle A. menses B. follicular phase C. luteal phase D. ovulation

C. luteal phase

What is the function of progesterone? A. to stimulate the development of follicles B. to maintain the corpus luteum C. prepare and maintain the uterus for pregnancy D. to stimulate ovulation

C. prepare and maintain the uterus for pregnancy

Anatomically, where does fertilization normally take place? A. Uterus B. Cervix C. Ovary D. Ampulla of the fallopian tubes

D. Ampulla of the fallopian tubes

In utero, development of a male phenotype requires the presence of: A. Antimüllerian hormone and androstenedione B. Testosterone and oxytocin C. Estradiol and Antimüllerian hormone D. Antimüllerian hormone and Testosterone

D. Antimüllerian hormone and Testosterone

Over the counter pregnancy tests are based on the detection of a specific hormone excreted of large amounts of in urine early on in the pregnancy. This hormone is: A. Progesterone B. Pregnenelone C. Estradiol D. Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)

D. Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)

Which of the following statements regarding the function of the placenta is FALSE? A. The placenta is a source of progesterone during the late trimesters of pregnancy B. The trophoblast contributes the fetal portion of the placenta. C. At the point of implantation, the endometrium differentiates into a layer of decidual cells D. Late in pregnancy, progesterone is produced through a coordinated interplay of the mother and the placenta, and the fetus.

D. Late in pregnancy, progesterone is produced through a coordinated interplay of the mother and the placenta, and the fetus.

Which of the following hormones is responsible for milk being expressed into the mammary ducts of the breast when the woman nurses her baby? A. Progesterone B. Estradiol C. Prolactin D. Oxytocin

D. Oxytocin

What tissue in the mother provides the increased estradiol and progesterone necessary for maintenance of pregnancy? A. Ovary B. Liver C. Adrenal D. Placenta

D. Placenta

Which of the following is the source of estrogen and progesterone during the last 7 months of pregnancy? A. Anterior pituitary B. Corpus luteum C. Ovary D. Placenta

D. Placenta

Regular consistent breast-feeding of a newborn can result in a period of decreased fertility for the nursing mother. This decreased fertility is due to the fact that: A. Oxytocin inhibits growth and development of the endometrium B. Regular breast-feeding inhibits production of estrogen, which leads to decreased libido C. Prolactin secretion "rescues" the corpus luteum and maintains progesterone production D. Prolactin inhibits ovulation by inhibiting the synthesis and release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

D. Prolactin inhibits ovulation by inhibiting the synthesis and release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

Which one of the following statements about prolactin is correct? A. Prolactin initiates ovulation B. Prolactin causes milk ejection during suckling C. Prolactin inhibits the growth of breast tissue D. Prolactin secretion is decreased by dopamine

D. Prolactin secretion is decreased by dopamine

Which of the following statements regarding the function of the blood-testes barrier is CORRECT? A. The blood-testes barrier is formed by adjacent Leydig cells B. The blood-testes barrier prevents testosterone from entering the seminiferous tubules C. The blood-testes barrier is formed primarily from androgen-binding protein (ABP) D. The blood-testes barrier prevents immune proteins from entering the seminiferous tubules

D. The blood-testes barrier prevents immune proteins from entering the seminiferous tubules

Which cells produce the majority of estrogens? A. the cells of the corpus luteum B. the cells of anterior pituitary C. endometrial cells D. granulosa cells of the follicle

D. granulosa cells of the follicle

Below is a list of structures and (in brackets) a hormone that they might produce. Which list is correct? A. hypothalamus (FSH); anterior pituitary (GnRH); follicle (estrogens); corpus luteum (LH) B. hypothalamus (GnRH); anterior pituitary (estradiol); follicle (LH); corpus luteum (progesterone) C. hypothalamus (estrogens); anterior pituitary (FSH); follicle (progesterone); corpus luteum (estrogens) D. hypothalamus (GnRH); anterior pituitary (FSH & LH); follicle (estrogens); corpus luteum (progesterone)

D. hypothalamus (GnRH); anterior pituitary (FSH & LH); follicle (estrogens); corpus luteum (progesterone)

What is the role of luteinizing hormone (LH) in the female? A. it causes release of FSH from the anterior pituitary. B. it maintains the secondary sex characteristics. C. it allows the frequency of pulses of GnRH to increase. D. it causes ovulation.

D. it causes ovulation.

Which statement about the "granulosa cells" is FALSE? A. they produce estrogens and inhibin B. they form a single layer around the primary follicle C. they form the corpus luteum D. one of them will develop into the ovum

D. one of them will develop into the ovum

Regarding the sequence of events known as the ovarian cycle, which of the following statements is FALSE? A. the anterior pituitary releases FSH and LH B. FSH stimulates a follicle to develop C. the hypothalamus releases GnRH D. the developing follicle produces progesterone

D. the developing follicle produces progesterone

Which of the following statements regarding progesterone is CORRECT? a. Progesterone is secreted by the corpus luteum c. Plasma levels of progesterone increase during menses d. Plasma levels of progesterone remain constant after implantation e. Plasma levels of progesterone decrease just prior to ovulation

a. Progesterone is secreted by the corpus luteum

Biological actions of estrogens include a. Inhibition of follicular growth b. Delayed bone loss c. Increased glucose tolerance d. Decreased serum LDL cholesterol e. Decreased progesterone receptors

b. Delayed bone loss

Assuming a regular menstrual cycle of 28 to 30 days, ovulation would be expected to occur between a. Days 6 and 8 b. Days 10 and 12 c. Days 14 and 16 d. Days 18 and 20 e. Days 22 and 24

c. Days 14 and 16

The hormone primarily responsible for development of ovarian follicles prior to ovulation is a. Chorionic gonadotropin b. Estradiol c. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) d. Luteinizing hormone e. Progesterone

c. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

An indication that ovulation has taken place is a. An increase in serum FSH levels b. A drop in body temperature c. An increase in serum LH levels d. An increase in serum progesterone levels e. An increase in serum estrogen levels

d. An increase in serum progesterone levels