Management 3370 Exam 2 (Chap. 7)

Which of the following is a characteristic of discontinuous change?

Design competition.

Which of the following is NOT a part of the experiential approach to innovation?

Design lockout

____ is the phase of a technology cycle characterized by technological substitution and design competition.

Discontinuos change

Which of the following statements about resistance to change is true?

It is caused by misunderstanding and distrust.

____ occurs when customers purchase new technologies to replace older technologies.

Technological substitution

According to social psychologist Kurt Lewin, ____ lead to differences in the form, quality, or condition of an organization over time.

change forces

It is appropriate to use a(n) ___ approach to manage innovation in more certain environments, in which goals are lower costs and incremental improvements in the performance and function of an existing technological design.

compression

The ____ approach to managing innovation assumes that innovation is a predictable process made up of a series of steps and that reducing the time is takes to complete those steps can speed up innovation.

compression

A technology ____ begins with the birth of a new technology and ends when that technology reaches its limits and dies as it replaced by a newer, substantially better technology.

cycle

The three steps in the basic process of managing organizational change outlined by Kurt Lewin are ____, ____, and ____.

unfreezing, change intervention, and refreezing.

____ are defined as workplace cultures in which workers perceive that new ideas are welcome, valued, and encouraged.

Creative work environments

Which of the following is a characteristic of the inaction stage of organizational decline?

Managers wrongly assume that they can easily correct the problems, so they don't feel the situation is urgent.

Which of the following is NOT one of the components of creative work environments?

Organizational impediments

Nearly all technology cycles follow the typical ____ pattern of innovation.

S-curve

____ is defined as the knowledge, tools, and techniques used to transform inputs into outputs.

Technology

In ____, the old technology and several different new technologies fight to establish a new technological standard or dominant design.

a design competition

Organizational development ____.

emphasizes employees participation in diagnosing, solving, and evaluating problems.

The ____ approach to innovation assumes that innovation is occurring within a highly uncertain environment.

experientail

When the first cell phone was released, only a few people could afford to buy it. Over the years, mobile manufacturers improved the phone designs and features and also reduced their costs to make them more affordable. This signaled the shift to the ____ stage of the technology cycle.

incremental change

Organizational ____ is the successful implementation of creative ideas in organizations.

innovation

Over the long run, the best way for a company to sustain competitive advantage is to create ____.

innovation streams.

A technology can become a dominant design if:

it solves a practical problem.

When companies don't anticipate, recognize, neutralize, or adapt to the internal or external pressures that threaten their survival, it results in ____.

organizational decline.

The first step in the compression approach to innovation is ____.

planning.

The phases of a technology cycle within an innovation stream begins with:

technological discontinuity.