Management Exam #1
In the years since 2006, the lowest job satisfaction ratings in the United States could be seen in which year?
2010
According to the text, a study on Twitter postings indicated that mood is lowest at what time of day?
4 A.M.
According to the text, what percentage of Canadian organizations offer flexible benefits?
60 percent
Which of the following is an example of an externally caused behavior? - A student misses class because she just didn't feel like going. - A student is late to class because he got a flat tire on the way to school. - A student is late to class because he chose to walk instead of riding the bus. - A student is late to class because she stayed up too late and overslept. - A student misses class because he chose to hang out with friends instead.
A student is late to class because he got a flat tire on the way to school.
What are the three components of an attitude?
Affective, behavioral, and cognitive
Perceived organizational support would increase for an employee under which of the following scenarios? - An employer had several healthcare provider changes in a short period of time to help save money. - An employer increased paid holidays by 1 day for everyone in the organization. - An employer reached out with additional support during a personal tragedy. - An employer decreased supervision. - An employer held weekly meetings.
An employer reached out with additional support during a personal tragedy
What is an emotion?
An intense feeling directed at someone or something.
Why would OB scholars avoid general concept statements such as stating everyone wants an interesting job?
Because individual desires are contingent on situational conditions.
According to the text, what is one reason that job satisfaction leads to increases in organizational citizenship behavior?
Because job satisfaction leads to more trust.
Although EIP programs must conform to cultural differences, and not all countries value employee involvement, the text points out that _____________has a mix of both traditional workers who show few benefits from participative decision making and some workers who are beginning to value that participation.
China
An example of a country in which perceived organizational support is not as important because of high power distance would be _____________.
China
Which of the following statements is true regarding the effect that the size of the group has on the performance of the group? - Larger groups are more productive than smaller groups. - The size of the group does not affect the group's overall behavior. - Compared to smaller groups, larger groups are better at fact finding. - If the goal of the group is fact-finding, then smaller groups are more effective than larger groups. - Evidence indicates that larger groups are faster at completing tasks than smaller ones.
Compared to smaller groups, larger groups are better at fact finding.
Which government agency is responsible for enforcing employment discrimination laws?
EEOC
Pending legislation against discrimination based on sexual orientation is abbreviated as _________.
ENDA
What is the study of organizational behavior specifically concerned with?
Employment-related situations
"The older you get, the more likely you are to leave your job." Is this statement true or false, and why?
False. Older people with longer tenure tend to have higher wages, longer paid vacations, and more attractive pensions.
Which early theory reviewed the concepts of satisfaction and dissatisfaction?
Herzberg's two factor theory
What is one impact of status on norms?
High-status individuals may receive more freedom than other group members to deviate from norms.
Which of the following is NOT a dimension of intellectual ability? - memory - inductive reasoning - verbal comprehension - number aptitude - IQ
IQ
Which impact of the 2008 recession is directly related to OB?
Increases in layoffs and job losses
Which of the following is a core topic in organizational behavior? - Interpersonal communication - Statistical analysis - Production processes - Capacity issues - Quality improvement techniques
Interpersonal communication
Which of the following is true of job rotation? - It decreases employee motivation. - It decreases training costs. - It decreases the flexibility in scheduling work. - It increases employee boredom. - It decreases productivity in the short run.
It decreases productivity in the short run
Which researcher found that attitudes follow behavior, rather than behavior following attitudes?
Leon Festinger
The Dark Triad includes __________________.
Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism
According to the text, which country is highest in power distance?
Malaysia
What is the most widely used personality assessment in the world?
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
Which of the following statements is true of perception? - Perception of reality is not influenced by a person's motives. - Perception of reality is independent of existing attitudes toward that reality. - Perception is influenced by past experiences. - Interviews. - Perception of reality is the same as reality itself.
Perception of reality is independent of existing attitudes toward that reality.
Which of the following is true regarding emotions and decision making? - Negative emotions enhance problem-solving skills. - Positive emotions enhance problem-solving skills. - Depressed people process information faster. - Depressed people make less accurate judgments. - Positive emotions detract from problem-solving skills.
Positive emotions enhance problem-solving skills.
Which of the following is a decision-making model that assumes that the decision maker has complete information, is able to identify all the relevant options in an unbiased manner, and chooses the option with the highest utility? - Perceptive decision-making model - Rational decision-making model - Ideal decision-making model - Attribution decision-making model - Integrative decision-making model
Rational decision-making model
In the area of decision making, what does satisficing involve?
Seeking a solution that is sufficient.
Which group leader activity would most likely ensure that diversity helps rather than hinders a group? - Micromanaging in order to make sure that everyone completes assigned tasks. - Composing the group of people of varying intelligence levels. - Showing how members have a common interest in the group's success. - Composing the group of people who prefer to work alone rather than in teams. - Minimizing the diversity in order to minimize conflicts.
Showing how members have a common interest in the group's success.
According to a global study of job satisfaction levels, where does the United States rank in terms of satisfied workers?
The United States is near the top of the list.
With regards to the problem-solving and learning abilities of men and women, which statement is most likely true? - Women score higher than men. - There are no consistent differences between men and women. - Men score higher than women. - Research studies have been inconclusive. - This concept has not been scientifically analyzed.
There are no consistent differences between men and women.
Which of the following is true of contingency variables? - They refer to a code of ethics that is applicable to all people and all businesses. - They refer to the set of choices that are available for any decision. - They refer to situational conditions that impact the relationship between two or more variables. - They remain constant in every situation. - They are not an important element of OB.
They refer to situational conditions that impact the relationship between two or more variables
Which of the following is a true statement about people with proactive personalities? - They react passively to situations. - They tend to have a grandiose sense of self-importance, require excessive admiration, have a sense of entitlement, and are arrogant. - They are pragmatic, maintain emotional distance, and believe ends can justify means. - They are content with following directions and allowing others to lead. - They take the initiative to improve their current circumstances or create new ones.
They take the initiative to improve their current circumstances or create new ones.
Relational job design focuses on what additional component in the design of jobs?
Those who are affected by the employee's job
What is the goal of organizational behavior?
To understand and predict human behavior in organizations
When does role conflict occur?
When compliance with one role requirement may make it difficult to comply with another.
Which of the following is the intelligence test most widely used in hiring decisions that requires only 12 minutes to complete?
Wonderlic Cognitive Ability Test
________________ is defined as an individual's current capacity to perform the various tasks in a job.
ability
According to the text, Thailand emphasizes ______________.
accepting situations as they are
You would use a group rather than an individual for a project when ______________.
accuracy is important
__________________ is a generic term that covers a broad range of feelings that people experience.
affect
____________ describes the varying levels of strength with which people experience the same emotion.
affect intensity
Which theory demonstrates that employees react emotionally to things that happen to them at work, and this reaction influences their job performance and satisfaction?
affective events theory
What percentage of U.S. managers allow workers to telecommute?
almost 50 percent
positive organizational scholarship
an area of OB research that studies how organizations develop human strengths, foster vitality and resilience, and unlock potential
intuition
an effortless, immediate, automatic feeling or thought, as contrasted with explicit, conscious reasoning; "gut feelings"
An example of an informal group would be _____________.
an employee group that regularly works out together
According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), an ESTJ would be ______________
analytical
Which behavioral science studies societies in order to learn about people and their activities?
anthropology
According to the text, all of the following have an effect on mood EXCEPT which of the following? - exercise - stress - appetite - sleep pattern - day of the week
appetite
Within the U.S. workforce, the 55-and-older age group will increase to what percentage of the labor force by the year 2020?
approximately 25 percent
Women who succeed in traditionally male domains are typically perceived ______________.
as less likable, more hostile, and less desirable as supervisors than men
The rational decision-making model includes all of the following EXCEPT ____________. - identifying the decision criteria - assigning a dollar value to each alternative. - evaluating the alternatives - defining the problem - allocating weights to the criteria
assigning a dollar value to each alternative.
The heredity argument for personality explains personality as _______________.
based on genetic make up
Which of the following is one of the three primary components of attitude? - perception - effect - intellectual - behavior - emotion
behavior
Which of the following represents a pay plan that rewards workers for recent rather than past performance? - bonuses - piece-rate - merit-based pay - skill-based pay - profit sharing
bonuses
Systematic study involves looking at _______________.
casual relationships
Which one of the following is a component of situation strength? - consensus - congeniality - clarity - cohesion - camaraderie
clarity
A discrepancy between attitude and behavior is known as _____________.
cognitive dissonance
According to ___________ theory, extrinsic rewards reduce intrinsic interest in a task.
cognitive evaluation
One weakness of group decision making is ______________.
conformity pressures
According to the text, what might affect escalation of commitment?
conscientiousness
Which of the Big Five Model dimensions is a measure of reliability?
conscientiousness
Researchers have analyzed situation strength in all of the following elements EXCEPT ______________. - consequences - controllability - constraints - clarity - consistency
controllability
Minzberg's managerial roles include all of the following EXCEPT ___________. - disseminator - controller - leader - resource allocator - monitor
controller
Ideas which are considered to be both novel and useful by stakeholders are considered ______________.
creative outcomes
According to the text, an employee who does not identify with their organization may experience ________________.
decreased satisfaction
What is the first step in the rational decision-making model?
defining the problem
Which of the following is NOT a dimension of the job characteristics model? - skill variety - dependence - task identity - feedback - task significance
dependence
Which one of the following is a benefit to group decision making? - minimal need for buy in - saving time - depth of input - less extensive analysis - similar backgrounds
depth of input
Historically, emotions in the workplace were thought to be _______________.
detrimental
Which term refers to voluntary actions that defy major organizational norms and threaten the organization's well-being?
deviant behavior
Quality of effort speaks to what component of motivation?
direction
Individuals in a negative mood are better able to _________________ than those in a positive mood.
discern truthful information
Which of the following is a contributing factor with regard to social loafing? - Dispersion of responsibility - Close monitoring of individual efforts by managers - Severe time constraints - Heavy workload - Difficult task assignments
dispersion of responsibility
With regards to attribution theory, _______________ refers to whether an individual displays different behaviors in different situations.
distinctiveness
Attribution theory tries to explain the ways we judge people differently, depending on the meaning we attribute to a behavior. It depends largely on _________, _________, and ________.
distinctiveness, consistency, consensus
Which of the following is a resource allocation norm? - socialization outside of work - distribution of pay - how to dress - how to do the job - with whom to eat lunch
distribution of pay
Which element of equity theory is concerned with the fairness of the outcomes, such as the pay and recognition that employees receive?
distributive justice
Faultlines could be a problem in _____________ groups.
diverse
Which of the following is an appearance norm? - dress code - whether dating outside of work is okay - how many overtime hours to complete - tardiness - how hard to work
dress code
Data analytics are used for all of the following reasons EXCEPT__________. - eliminating volatility - protection against cyber-attacks - detecting risk - customer analysis - prediction
eliminating volatility
Research has indicated that ___________ is critical to rational thinking.
emotion
Jose was completely frustrated at work today because something he said to a coworker was taken completely out of context. In fact, before he could go into his supervisor's office he had to take a minute to calm himself down. This is an example of _________________.
emotion regulation
The disparity that exists when an employee must project one emotion while actually feeling another is called _________________.
emotional dissonance
Which term refers to a person's ability to perceive emotions in the self and others, understand the meaning of these emotions, and regulate one's emotions accordingly?
emotional intelligence
_______________ is defined as an employee's expression of organizationally desired emotions during interpersonal transactions at work.
emotional labor
Which of the following is defined as an individual's involvement with, satisfaction with, and enthusiasm for the work he or she does? - job satisfaction - organizational culture - employee engagement - psychological empowerment - organizational commitment
employee engagement
Which term refers to a participative process that uses the input of employees to enhance employee commitment to a firm's success?
employee involvement
A program to formally recognize employee contributions to the organization and therefore promote specific behaviors is known as a(n) ________________.
employee recognition program
A football player on a 2 million dollar contract who refuses to show up to training camp because another similar football player has a contract for more money is an example of ________________.
equity theory
Antonio had spent weeks developing a presentation that outlined his marketing plan for the new product and he was ready to present his ideas to the board. Several of his fellow coworkers who had reviewed the presentation had tried to point out that one of Antonio's assumptions was incorrect, leading to an incorrect conclusion, but Antonio was confident he had all the correct information and refused to make the correction. This is an example of ______________.
escalation of commitment
Diversity management programs should include which populations of people?
everyone
Covert forms of discrimination would include _______________.
exclusion
Flexible benefits are consistent with what motivational theory?
expectancy theory
The foundation of an integrated model of motivation which combines many contemporary theories of motivation is ___________.
expectancy theory
Which theory argues that the strength of our tendency to act a certain way depends on the strength of our expectation of a given outcome and its attractiveness?
expectancy theory
Role ___________ is the way others believe you should act in a given context.
expectation
Research has shown that workers who experience sexual harassment in the workplace ____________.
experience lower levels of organizational commitment and job satisfaction
In order for a recognition program to work they must be _____________.
fair
Studies suggest that moral judgments are based on ___________ rather than __________.
feelings; cognition
Individualized rewards that allow each employee to choose the compensation package that best satisfies his or her current needs and situation are called ___________.
flexible benefit plans
Most research relating to race and ethnicity has ___________.
focused on differences in outcomes between Whites and African Americans
In the three-stage model of creativity, creative behavior occurs in how many steps?
four
Today's workforce is ______________.
gender balanced
Global research has indicated that employee job satisfaction is increased when managers and leaders exhibit all of the following behaviors EXCEPT____________. - attentiveness - empowerment - generosity - support - responsiveness
generosity
Which of the following is NOT among the early theories of motivation? - hierarchy of needs - theory x and theory y - two-factor theory - goal-setting theory - theory of needs
goal-setting theory
The three levels of analysis presented in the OB model are individual, organizational, and __________.
group
The quality and quantity of a group's work output is known as _______________.
group functioning
In a group, _____________ occurs when individuals are pressured to conform to the group desires, thus squashing critical or differing perspectives.
groupthink
Intuition can best be described as____________________.
gut feelings
The punctuated-equilibrium model addresses groups who ______________.
have specific deadlines
According to attribution theory, if a behavior is __________________, we tend to attribute it to internal causes.
high on consistency
According to McClelland, high achievers are strongly motivated when jobs have _______________.
high personal responsibility, high feedback, and intermediate risk
Stereotype threats within the workplace can cause______________ .
higher absenteeism
Higher job engagement is linked to _______________.
higher employee engagement
Antoinette is South African. According to Hofstede's cultural values, Antoinette is likely to be ______________________.
higher in feminine than masculine
The affective component of attitude is best represented by______________.
how you feel about the situation
Emotion regulation is best described as _____________________.
identifying and modifying the emotions that you feel
The fact that most people believe that weather impacts mood, despite evidence that suggests weather and mood are not connected, is an example of what?
illusory correlation
Disrespectful and aggressive behavior toward others and ignoring the opinions of others falls under which form of discrimination?
incivility
All of the following are outcomes of job satisfaction EXCEPT _____________. - customer satisfaction - life satisfaction - job performance - increased communication - organizational citizenship behavior
increased communication
Engagement in decision making within an organization can lead to _____________.
increased productivity
levels of analysis in OB
individual, group, organizational
In the punctuated-equilibrium model, what action occurs immediately after the first meeting of the group, which sets the direction?
inertia and slower progress
The three types of variables in the OB model are ___________, ____________, and __________.
inputs, processes, and outcomes
Which of the following is NOT one of the nine basic physical abilities? - trunk strength - dynamic flexibility - extent flexibility - explosive strength - intellectual strength
intellectual strength
Which of the following would NOT be considered a personality trait? - aggression - intelligence - ambition - timidness - loyalty
intelligence
Danyell had been trying to lose weight for several months without much result. Although she had changed some of her eating habits and hit the gym when she didn't feel too tired or she had time, it seems that she wasn't really getting anywhere. This example speaks to what component of motivation?
intensity
When we rank an individual's values in order of their ___________, we obtain the person's value system.
intensity
The process of setting an initial pay level requires an organization to balance what?
internal and external equity
_____________ caused behaviors are those an observer believes to be under the personal behavioral control of another individual.
internally
Overt threats of bullying directed at members of specific employee groups fall under what type of discrimination?
intimidation
According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), what type of people rely on unconscious processes and look at the "big picture"?
intuitive
The six universal emotions agreed upon by many researchers includes all of the following EXCEPT ___________. - surprise - jealousy - disgust - fear - anger
jealousy
The most important element of job satisfaction is ______________.
job condition
The investment of an employee's emotional, physical, and cognitive energy into a job is known as ______________.
job engagement
The periodic shifting of an employee from one task to another with similar skill requirements at the same organizational level is defined as ________.
job rotation
Which of the following is defined as a positive feeling about a job, resulting from an evaluation of its characteristics? - job satisfaction - job involvement - perceived organizational support - organizational commitment - psychological empowerment
job satisfaction
Two or more employees who split the responsibilities of a single job are participating in what alternative work arrangement?
job sharing
Which of the following is the distinct characteristic of participative management programs? - Large increases in employee productivity - Autocratic decision making - Large increases in job satisfaction - Joint decision making - Representative participation
joint decision making
According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), which type of people want control and prefer order and structure?
judging
Job satisfaction, according to research conducted in Europe, is positively associated with what?
life satisfaction
The Big 5 model includes all of the following traits EXCEPT ____________. - emotional stability - openness to experience - agreeableness - logic - extraversion
logic
systematic study
looking at relationships, attempting to attribute causes and effects, and drawing conclusions based on scientific evidence
A person who has a(n) _____________________ tends to dislike themselves, question their capabilities, and view themselves as powerless over their environment.
low core self-evaluation
If cohesiveness is high and performance norms are low, groups tend to have __________.
low productivity
Which type of response involves passively but optimistically waiting for conditions to improve, including speaking up for the organization in the face of external criticism and trusting the organization and its management to "do the right thing"?
loyalty
Cascading objectives are the focus of which motivational theory?
management by objectives
Which of the following is NOT a critical issue for which OB seeks to provide meaningful insights? - Responding to economic pressures - Managing workforce diversity - Improving customer service - Responding to globalization - Maximizing profitability
maximizing profitability
A limitation of being tied to subjective performance appraisals would correspond with what type of variable pay program?
merit based pay
The relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and job satisfaction is particularly strong for which generation?
millennials
What has been shown to increase our ability to shape our responses, both behavioral and emotional?
mindfulness
The research evidence on employee involvement programs has shown what level of support?
mixed
When cohesiveness is low and performance norms are high, groups tend to have __________.
moderate productivity
Which of the following primarily accounts for an individual's intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal? - perception - persistence - personality - motivation - management
motivation
Which of the following represents the acceptable standards of behavior within a group that are shared by the group's members? - norms - goals - roles - conflicts - status
norms
Ethics and creativity are _________________.
not correlated at all
Systematic study focuses on the belief that behavior is _____________.
not random
To discriminate is to _____________.
note a difference between things
John Holland's personalitydash-job fit theory presents six personality types. Which of the following is NOT one of these six types? - optimistic - enterprising - social - realistic - artistic
optimistic
According to an integrated motivational theory model, rewards play a part in _____________.
organizational justice
Role perception is best defined as __________________.
our view of how we are supposed to act in a given situation
The OB model presented in the chapter defines the field of OB and stakes out its ____________.
parameters, concepts, and relationships
Based on affective events theory, employees should_____________.
pay attention to emotion
____________ is a process by which individuals organize and interpret sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment.
perception
The GLOBE framework uses some of the same dimensions as the Hofstede cultural values inventory, but added others. One additional dimension in the GLOBE that is not in the Hofstede values is _______________
performance orientation
Roxanne was training for a race and having difficulty on one of the rope climbs. Nonetheless, she kept working at every single day, not missing one day, until race day when she finally scaled the rope to the top. This example speaks to Roxanne's __________________.
persistence
Which dimension of motivation measures how long a person can maintain effort? - intensity - experience - direction - persistence - personality
persistence
The dimensions of fit include all of the following EXCEPT ____________. - person-supervisor - person-organization - person-group - person-values - person-job
person-values
Which of the following is NOT an example of a biographical characteristic? - disability - length of service - personality - age - gender
personality
Which term refers to the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine their unique adjustments to their environment? - heredity - thought processes - talent - environmental adaptation - personality
personality
Which variable pay plan has been historically popular as a way to compensate production workers by paying a fixed sum for each unit of production completed?
piece-rate
_________________ studies how organizations develop human strengths, foster vitality and resilience, and unlock potential.
positive organizational scholarship
Two causes of creative behavior are ______________ and ______________.
potential; environment
Which of the following is a discrepancy that exists between the current state of affairs and some desired state, requiring us to consider alternative courses of action? - decision - perception - problem - stalemate - challenge
problem
Based on evidence cited in the chapter, with which job aspect are people LEAST satisfied? - coworkers - supervision - promotion opportunities - the work itself - pay
promotion opportunities
Which discipline has contributed to OB principally at the micro level?
psychology
disciplines that contribute to OB
psychology, social psychology, sociology, anthropology
Cultural identity is based on ________________.
race and ethnicity
According to Festinger, which of the following would most likely reduce the discomfort of cognitive dissonance? - Focusing on other things where you have no cognitive dissonance - Receiving high rewards - Earning low rewards - Watching other people do the same thing - Developing a tolerance
receiving high rewards
The relationship between moods and job attitudes is _____________.
reciprocal
One survey found that the most powerful workplace motivator is _____________.
recognition
When it comes to diversity, it is important that managers _____________.
recognize and capitalize on differences
Deep level diversity traits would include which of the following? - hair color - race - sex - religion - age
religion
A manager who is likely to make a conservative decision would be constrained by ____________.
reward systems
Which of the following refers to expected behavior patterns attributed to someone holding a particular position in a group? - conformity - status - norm - deviant behavior - role
role
Which need in Maslow's hierarchy refers to security and protection from physical and emotional harm?
safety
High-scoring emotional intelligence employees outperform low-scoring emotional intelligence employees in which of the following tasks? - finance - project management - sales - accounting - IT programming
sales
Juan was ready to purchase a new car and was excited by the prospect. To prepare for this event, Juan went to the bank to be pre-approved for a loan, visited local dealerships to look at cars and prices, narrowed down the cars he liked, and then purchased the one that had the lowest price. This would be an example of _______________.
satisficing
Which of the following is used in systematic study to determine cause and effect relationships? - instinct - scientific evidence - deductive reasoning - perception - intuition
scientific evidence
Which of the following needs in Maslow's hierarchy refers to the drive to become what one is capable of becoming? - self-actualization - physiological - safety - esteem - social
self-actualization
Paola was a new manager working on a compensation plan for her salespeople. She had taken several organizational behavior classes during college and knew that although extrinsic rewards often motivate, some caution needs to be used. This notion of intrinsic vs. extrinsic motivators is exampled in what motivational theory?
self-determination
The theory concerned with the possible benefits of intrinsic motivation vs. the possible harmful effects of external motivation is ______________.
self-determination
Which theory suggests that individuals prefer feeling in control of their actions and that anything that makes an enjoyable task feel like an obligation undermines motivation?
self-determination theory
Li lives and works in Beijing and has been asked to self-rate his personality on a personality test. Given Li's culture, it is likely that Li will ________________.
self-diminish
Which theory refers to an individual's belief in being capable of performing a task?
self-efficacy theory
Which of the following is the most common means of measuring personality? - behavioral observation - self-reporting surveys - interviews - projective tests - likert scales
self-reporting surveys
Antoinette was a new supervisor at work and wanted to try and be the best inspirational leader that she could be. Toward that end, Antoinette should focus on ________________.
sharing positive emotions
A single question used to measure job satisfaction would be considered which type of measurement approach?
single global rating
contingency variables
situational factors are variables that moderate the relationship between two or more variables
Which term refers to the degree that a job requires different activities using specialized abilities and talents?
skill variety
Emotional investment in a group's accomplishments is also known as __________.
social identity theory
Which of the following is the tendency for individuals to expend less effort when working collectively than alone? - group slacking - social laziness - group loafing - social slacking - social loafing
social loafing
Which of the following is NOT an example of workplace deviance? - socializing with coworkers - substance abuse - unionization attempts - tardiness - workplace theft
socializing with coworkers
The study of people in relation to either their culture or social environment falls under which of the behavioral sciences?
sociology
Emotional intelligence and job performance are ________________.
somewhat correlated
Becky was tired of all the angry customers calling in because of power outages that were not her fault. Her supervisor reminded her that since she had a performance evaluation coming up, she needed to be sure to keep a positive tone on her calls because they were being monitored. Becky's positive attitude may be an example of what? - attribution - emotional upheaval - surface acting - supervisory domination - inadequate training
surface acting
____________________ includes looking at relationships, attempting to attribute causes and effects, and basing our conclusions on scientific evidence—that is, on data gathered under controlled conditions, and measured and interpreted in a rigorous manner.
systematic study
Roberto has been tasked with reviewing the core dimensions of each job within his large automotive repair department. Several of the jobs in Roberto's department require employees to completely tear down and put back together an entire engine. This job speaks to which component of the Job Characteristics Model (JCM)?
task identity
Donelle is a doctor at the local hospital. Based simply on that job title, Donelle should score highly on which of the Job Characteristic Model (JCM) dimensions?
task significance
Stereotype threat is _______________.
the degree to which we internally agree with negative stereotyped perceptions of a group
organizational behavior
the study of what people do in an organization and the way their behavior affects the organization's performance
People are more engaged in their jobs when _______________.
the work is meaningful
Aurora was walking down the street when she spotted a mugging taking place. Her perceptions about the mugging might be influenced by all of the following EXCEPT _________. - past experiences - attitudes - personality - interests - time of day
time of day
four managerial activities
traditional management, communication, human resource management, networking
Which theory predicts that some situations, events, or interventions "activate" a trait more than others?
trait activation theory
evidence-based management
translating principles based on best evidence into organizational practice, bringing rationality to the decision-making process
To work effectively with people in another culture you must __________.
understand their culture and how to adapt your management style
Seven people are marooned on a lifeboat with enough supplies for only six people to reach land. The ethical concept which best supports throwing one person overboard in order to save the other six would be _______________.
utilitarianism
_____________ proposes making decisions solely on the basis of their outcomes, ideally to provide the greatest good for the greatest number.
utilitarianism
Which term refers to basic convictions that a specific mode of conduct or end-state of existence is personally or socially preferable to an opposite or converse mode of conduct or end-state of existence?
values
What kind of pay structure bases part of a worker's pay on an individual and/or organizational performance measurement?
variable-pay program
Which of the following elements of self-efficacy theory means to become more confident because you see someone else doing the task? - self-concordance - enactive mastery - vicarious modeling - verbal persuasion - arousal
vicarious modeling
Which of the following is a constructive behavior that allows individuals to tolerate unpleasant situations or revive satisfactory working conditions? - apathy - sabotage - voice - neglect - exit
voice
Which type of response includes actively and constructively attempting to improve conditions, including suggesting improvements, discussing problems with superiors, and undertaking some forms of union activity?
voice
Which of the following best characterizes the relationship between job satisfaction and absenteeism? - strong positive relationship - no relationship has been found - weak negative relationship - weak positive relationship - strong negative relationship
weak negative relationship
In the punctuated-equilibrium model, at what point does a transition take place?
when exactly half the time is gone
Individuals who report to outsiders about their employer's unethical practices are known as _____________.
whistle-blowers
Given the number of employees in the United States who are in single-parent homes or are caring for elderly parents, which of the following is essential for organizations that want to recruit and retain the most capable and motivated employees? - high compensation - work-life balance - workplace diversity - a positive work environment - excellent employee benefits
work-life balance
Which of the following is defined as the concept that organizations are becoming more heterogeneous in terms of gender, age, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, and inclusion of other diverse groups?
workforce diversity
