Management - Exam 2 (Chapter 9)

Which of the following stressors is an interpersonal demand? a. Conflicting personalities b. Role ambiguity c. Critical decisions d. Poorly designed office

a. Conflicting personalities

Which of the following is true of an employee who does work that is acceptable in terms of quantity and quality but refuses to work overtime or informally mentor newcomers? a. He is a poor organizational citizen. b. He has high levels of Machiavellianism. c. He is experiencing cognitive dissonance. d. He has a high risk propensity.

a. He is a poor organizational citizen.

Which of the following is true of Type A individuals? a. They are extremely competitive and very devoted to work. b. They are less likely to experience conflict with other people. c. They are more successful than Type B individuals. d. They work at a constant pace without time urgency.

a. They are extremely competitive and very devoted to work.

Which of the following is true of inducements? a. They refer to what an organization provides to an individual. b. They include effort, skills, and ability. c. They refer to what an individual provides to an organization. d. They are used to measure skills and performance.

a. They refer to what an organization provides to an individual.

Locus of control is the degree to which an individual: a. believes that his or her behavior has a direct impact on the consequences of that behavior. b. is willing to take chances, experiment, make risky decisions, and be a catalyst for innovation. c. assumes that power and status differences are appropriate within hierarchical social systems. d. is rational and nonemotional and is willing to lie to attain his or her personal goals.

a. believes that his or her behavior has a direct impact on the consequences of that behavior.

The third phase of the creative process is _____. a. insight b. preparation c. incubation d. verification

a. insight

High levels of job satisfaction: a. lead to more positive contributions. b. are more common in Japan than in the United States. c. lead to high levels of performance. d. are not influenced by personal factors.

a. lead to more positive contributions.

According to the Myers-Briggs framework, individuals of the _____ type enjoy the process and open-ended situations. a. perceiving b. judging c. sensing d. intuitive

a. perceiving

_____ is the extent to which the same person behaves in the same way at different times. a. Attribution b. Consistency c. Distinctiveness

b. Consistency

Which of the following is true of the preparation stage of the creative process? a. It includes the development of a product or service prototype. b. It often requires formal training and education in business. c. It is the stage during which the creative person achieves a new understanding of the problem. d. It determines the validity or truthfulness of the creative insight. Hide Feedback

b. It often requires formal training and education in business.

Which of the following best describes inducements? a. It refers to the competencies an employee brings to an organization. b. It refers to what an organization provides to an individual. c. It refers to the total number of years an employee invests in a company. d. It refers to the work an employee does for an organization.

b. It refers to what an organization provides to an individual.

Aiko's friends say that she is almost always in a good mood. She is upbeat and optimistic and has an overall sense of well-being. Which of the following is true of Aiko? a. She has low risk propensity. b. She has a higher degree of positive affectivity. c. She has high levels of Machiavellianism. d. She often experiences cognitive dissonance.

b. She has a higher degree of positive affectivity.

___________refers to the overall set of expectations held by an individual with respect to what he or she will contribute to the organization and what the organization will provide in return. a. A contract b. The psychological contract c. Recognition d. Job security

b. The psychological contract

In stage 2 of the General Adaptation Syndrome, a person: a. panics and feels helpless. b. resists the effects of a stressor. c. gives up. d. first encounters a stressor.

b. resists the effects of a stressor.

Julian is a top manager at a large pharmaceutical firm. His role requires him to make quick decisions, often with incomplete information. He is most likely to experience stress due to _____. a. physical demands b. task demands c. interpersonal demands d. role demands

b. task demands

_________ is a feeling of exhaustion that may develop when someone experiences too much stress. a. Turnover b. Absenteeism c. Burnout d. Stress

c. Burnout

______ is the process of categorizing or labeling people on the basis of a single attribute. a. Distinctiveness b. Consensus c. Stereotyping d. Perception

c. Stereotyping

_______ is a pattern of action by the members of an organization that directly or indirectly influences organizational effectiveness. a. Performance behavior b. Organizational citizenship c. Workplace behavior d. Dysfunctional behavior

c. Workplace behavior

The process of observing behavior and assigning causes to it is known as _____. a. dissonance b. intuition c. attribution d. extraversion

c. attribution

Ramona works at a government agency that has a high power difference within the organizational hierarchy. She is comfortable accepting orders from her manager and does not question or disagree with these orders. Ramona has high levels of _____. a. Machiavellianism b. self-efficacy c. authoritarianism d. self-esteem

c. authoritarianism

A manager who has a very negative image of a particular employee overlooks instances of high quality work from that employee. This is due to _____. a. recency error b. stereotyping c. selective perception d. cognitive dissonance

c. selective perception

Which of the following is NOT an example of contribution? a. Loyalty b. Ability c. Time d. Pay

d. Pay

The conflict individuals experience among their own attitudes is called _____. a. risk propensity b. conscientiousness c. self-efficacy d. cognitive dissonance

d. cognitive dissonance

Scott is an organized, responsible, and self-disciplined employee. He consistently meets deadlines and submits work that is error free. He has high levels of the Big Five trait of _____. a. agreeableness b. neuroticism c. extraversion d. conscientiousness

d. conscientiousness

Racial harassment is an example of: a. withdrawal behavior. b. turnover. c. selective perception. d. dysfunctional behavior.

d. dysfunctional behavior.

In the creative process, _____ represents a coming together of all the scattered thoughts and ideas that were maturing during incubation. a. incubation b. preparation c. verification d. insight

d. insight

The affective component of an attitude: a. does not play a role in cognitive dissonance. b. reflects how an individual expects to behave toward or in a situation. c. is derived from knowledge an individual has about a situation. d. reflects feelings and emotions an individual has toward a situation.

d. reflects feelings and emotions an individual has toward a situation.

An employee at the research division of an automobile firm has an idea for a new type of alloy for the chassis of the car. A prototype of a car that uses this alloy will be developed during the _____ stage of the creative process. a. preparation b. insight c. incubation d. verification

d. verification