Managing Information Systems-Chapter 13

Which of the following is not a part of the four-step model of the prototyping process a. Revise and enhance the prototype b. Identify the user's basic requirements c. Use the prototype d. Test the prototype e. Develop an initial prototype

D

Organizational strategy to create a culture and environment to promote rapid and agile development practices by emphasizing close collaboration between software developers and the IT operational staff

DevOps

Provides the final certification that the system is ready to be used in a production setting.

acceptance testing

Rapid delivery of working software by breaking a large project into a series of small sub-projects that are completed in short periods of time using iteration and continuous feedback.

agile development

When the process design team identifies redundant steps, paper-intensive tasks, bottlenecks and other inefficiencies within the business.

analyze existing processes

Using the computer to speed up the performance of existing tasks

automation

Provides a variety of tools and methodologies to analyze existing processes, design new processes, and optimize those processes

business process management (BPM)

Reorganizes workflows, combining steps to cut waste and eliminate repetitive, paper-intensive tasks

business process redesign

Building large software systems by combining preexisting software components

component-based development

Automation of step-by-step methodologies for software and systems development to reduce the amounts of repetitive work the developer needs to do.

computer-aided software engineering (CASE)

Once a process has been implemented and optimized, it needs to be continually measured.

continuous measurement

The process of changing from the old system to the new system

conversion

Features that allow a commercial software package or cloud-based software to be modified to meet an organization's unique requirements without destroying the integrity of the software

customization

Offers a logical graphic model of information flow, partitioning a system into modules that show manageable levels of detail.

data flow diagram (DFD)

The process in which the existing business process is mapped and measured in terms of time and cost. The design team will then use this information to improve the process by designing a new one.

design the new process

The ______ ______ strategy replaces the old system entirely with the new system on appointed day.

direct cutover

Involves showing how the system works from both a technical and end-user standpoint is finalized during conversion time for use in training and everyday operations.

documentation

The development of information systems by end users with little or no formal assistance from technical specialists

end-user development

The part of an information system through which the end user interacts with the system, such as online screens and commands

end-user interface

The leading cause of systems failure and high systems development cost is ______

faulty requirement analysis

Determines whether the proposed system is expected to be a good investment, whether the technology needed for the system is available and can be handled by the firm's information systems specialist, and whether the organization can handle the changes introduced by the system.

feasibility study

The act in which a business makes important strategic decisions to understand what business processes need improvement

identify processes for change

Once the new process has been thoroughly modeled and analyzed, it must be translated into a new set of procedures and work rules.

implement the new process

Involve identifying who needs what information, where, when, and how.

information requirements

A process of repeating over and over again the steps to build a system

iterative

Process to accelerate the generation of information requirements by having end users and information systems specialists work together in intensive interactive design sessions.

joint application design (JAD)

Defined as changes in hardware, software, documentation, or procedures to a production system to correct errors, meet new requirements, or improve processing efficiency

maintenance

An internet-enabled app with specific functionality for mobile devices.

mobile web app

A version of a regular website that is scaled down in content and navigation for easy access and search on a small mobile screen

mobile website

A standalone application designed to run on a specific platform and device.

native app

Approach to systems development that uses the object as the basic unit of systems analysis and design. The system is modeled as a collection of objects and the relationship between them.

object-oriented development

Involves rethinking the nature of the business and the nature of the organization

paradigm shift

In a ______ ______, both the old system and its potential replacement are run together for a time until everyone is assured that the new one functions correctly.

parallel strategy

Name the four main conversion strategies

parallel strategy, direct cutover strategy, pilot study strategy, and phassed approach strategy

The ______ ______ strategy introduces the new system in stages, either by functions or by organizational units.

phased approach

Formal review process conducted after a system has been placed in production to determine how well the system has met its original objectives.

post-implementation audit

Describes the transformation occurring within the lowest level of the data flow diagrams. They express the logic for each process.

process specifications

The stage after the new system is installed and the conversion is complete; during this time the system is reviewed by users and technical specialists to determine how well it has met its origin.

production

The process of translating the system specifications prepared during the design stage into program code.

programming

Defined as a working version of an information system or part of the system, but it is meant to be only a preliminary model

prototype

Consists of building an experimental system rapidly and inexpensively for end users to evaluate

prototyping

Software too that provides immediate online answers to requests for information that are not predefined.

query language

Process of creating workable systems in a very short period of time with some flexibility to adapt as a project evolves

rapid application development (RAD)

The streamlining of standard operating procedures

rationalization of procedures

A detailed list of questions submitted to vendors of software or other services to determine how well the vendor's product can meet the organization's specific requirements

request for proposal (RFP)

Enables websites to change layouts automatically according to the visitor's screen resolution, whether on a desktop, laptop, tablet, or smartphone.

responsive web design

A specific measure of quality, representing 3.4 defects per million opportunities; used to designate a set of methodologies and techniques for improving quality and reducing costs

six stigma

System documentation showing each level of design, the relationship among the levels, and the overall place in the design structure; can document one program, one system, or part of one program

structure chart

Refers to the fact that the techniques are carefully drawn up, step by step, with each step building on a previous one

structured

The analysis of a problem that a firm tries to solve with an information system. It consists of defining the problem, identifying its causes, specifying the solution, and identifying the information requirements that must be met by a system solution.

system analysis

Tests the functioning of the information systems as a whole.

system testing

Details how a system will meet the information requirements as determined by the systems analysis

systems design

A structured kind of problem solved with distinct activities. These activities consist of systems analysis, systems design, programming, testing, conversion, and production and maintenance.

systems development

A traditional methodology for developing an information system that partitions the systems development process into formal stages that must be completed sequentially with a very formal division of labor between end users and information systems specialists.

systems life cycle

Prepared by the development team in conjunction with the users; it includes all of the preparations for the series of tests to be performed on the system.

test plan

The exhaustive and thorough process that determines whether the system produces the desired results under known conditions.

testing

A concept that makes quality control a responsibility to be shared by all people in an organization

total quality management

Consists of testing each program separately in the system

unit tesing

Testing an information system can be broken down into these three types of activities ______

unit testing, system testing, and acceptance testing