Marriage and Family
According to the text, a national random sample of approximately ____ persons con validly represent the U.S. population.
1,500
Today, women compose ____ percent of Congress.
20
After various factors associated with earnings are taken into account, research has found as much as a ____ differential in earnings that is usually attributed to discrimination.
20 percent
Research suggests that physical violence occurs in about ____ percent of dating relationships
20-40
Boo-long is a member of Hmong culture and is about to marry. The Hmong practice the custom of a bride price. Which of the following is most likely to occur in preparation for the marriage?
Boo-long will give the bride's family a piece of property so that he can marry her
____ in language and media convey gendered expectations.
Cultural images
What is meant by the term postmodern family?
Families today exhibit a multiplicity of forms
Which of the following is NOT onw of the early indicators that a dating partner is likely to become violent eventually?
He/she grew up in a divorced home
Which of the following is true about the age at marriage today?
It is the highest recorded since the 1890 census
Which of the following is NOT one of the four themes of the textbook?
Personal decisions making has little impact on society
The most generalizable findings are most likely to be found in a survey with
a representative sample
Date rape is also known as ____ rape.
acquaintance
Today, in countries where arranged marriages used to be the norm, it is more common for the children to marry only when they themselves accept their parents' choice. Unions like these are called ____.
assisted marriages
Adults with a(n) ____ attachment style sun or evade emotional closeness.
avoidant
According to the text, a woman lives with a(n) ____ or a divided awareness that caregiving is most important to her, but it is not highly valued in society.
bifurcated consciousness
Evolutionary psychology is an alternate term for which perspective?
biosocial
The ____ perspective argues that human physiology, genetics, and hormones predispose individuals to certain behaviors.
biosocial
Personal experience provides us with information, but it can also act as ____, which is why we need scientific study.
blinders
Since the 9/11 attacks, the so-called "can-do" man tackles traumatic events head-on
but also feels free to express emotion
It is not uncommon for young couples to be "on-again, off-again," a pattern relationship experts refer to as
churning
Of the components of consummated love, which is the most gradual to develop?
commitment
Which of the following is NOT a style of relating, according to attachment theory?
compliant
In an experiment, the ____ group receives no special intervention.
control
Deciding about, rather than sliding into, a situation involves looking at the alternatives, not just picking the ____ choice.
easiest
Family change is attributed to which of the following influences?
economic trends and cultural changes
Jane married a man from her own social group. Her marital behavior illustrates
endogamy
Warmth, sensitivity, tenderness, and placing concern about others' welfare about self-interest can be classified as ____ character traits.
expressive
Many households containing grandparents are ____ family households, which include other relatives besides parents and children.
extended
A researcher using naturalistic observation must assign people to an experimental group and a control group.
false
Empirical evidence includes things we know intuitively, that cannot be verified with our senses.
false
Males in foraging societies are more dominant than males in agricultural or industrial societies.
false
Martyring is essentially equivalent to intimacy.
false
Most U.S. congregations have more males in attendance than women.
false
The informed consent of human subjects is only necessary in dangerous research.
false
The text concludes that only society, and no biology, creates gender-linked characteristics and roles.
false
A photograph in the text depicts individuals waiting patiently for medical attention in a neighborhood clinic. Which group of scholars might remark on the quality of the facilities or speculate about the home that these people live in?
family ecologists
Research finds that black couples prefer more role ____ and power sharing than whites.
flexibility
Although women outnumber men in college today.
gender differentiation in choice of majors still exists
Michael is a stay-at-home father and feels pressure from society to watch football on TV, enjoy action movies, play basketball on the weekends, and bring home a bigger paycheck than his corporate executive wife. What is this societal pressure called?
gender expectations
In the contemporary version of evolutionary theory, it is the survival of one's ____ into future generations that is important.
genetic material
Propinquity is also known as
geographic availability
Economic ____ has affected bread-winning and consumption in American families.
globalization
The text points out that some music videos broadcast shockingly violent misogynist messages, meaning that these presentations communicate which sentiment toward women?
hatred
The test lists three proposals to help boys to adjust better to our educational system. Which of the following is NOT one of these?
having less recesses
Americans tend to marry people of similar race, age, education, religious background, and social class. This behavior reflects
homogamy
Friendship networks tend to be highly ____, encouraging similar people to meet and interact.
homogenous
Despite its growing appeal among college students, ____ has unfortunately been empirically linked to known risky behaviors such as alcohol abuse and engaging in sexual intercourse without using a condom.
hooking up
The Census Bureau uses which of the following terms to describe a person or a group of people residing together?
household
Family researchers will often generate a ____, or "educated guess" about the way things are, based on their theoretical orientation.
hypothesis
Life in American families reflects a tension in American culture between family solidarity and
individual freedom
Valuing personal happiness and goals and the development of distinct identity is a(n) ____ value.
individualistic
Adults with a(n) ____ attachment style exhibit possible negative behaviors such as unwarranted jealousy or attempts to control one's partner due to "fear of abandonment."
insecure/anxious
Suppose that a Puerto Rican marries a Cuban. The situation reflects
interethnic marriages
In 1967, in the case of Loving v. Virginia, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that
interracial marriages much be considered legally valid in all states.
Which is the correct term for a person who has been born with ambiguous genital anatomy?
intersexual
"Chromosomes, hormones, the internal sex structures, the gonads and the external genitalia all vary more than most people realize." This statement complements a discussion of which of the following?
intersexuality
What is the primary reason, according to the text, that the transition to adulthood has become elongated?
it takes longer to earn enough to support a family
The text concludes that the best way to make decisions about our personal lives is to make them
knowledgeably
Collecting data over a period of years using documented materials would reflect a(n)
longitudinal study
Love is NOT ____, which involves maintaining relationships by consistently minimizing one's own needs while trying to satisfy those of a partner.
martyring
Serial cohabitors are more likely to have all BUT which of the following factors, which are all related to divorce.
mixed ethnicity
Children are ____ likely than the general population or the elderly to be living in poverty.
more
Compared to the recent past, children are ____ likely to live with a grandparent today.
more
The child population of the U.S. is ____ racially and ethnically diverse than the adult population.
more
The climate, soil, plants, and animals are all part of the ____ environment.
natural physical-biological
The family ecology perspective believes every family is embedded in a set of ____, which exist outside of the family and influence it.
nested structures
According to the family life course development framework, the ____ stage of the family life cycle comes to an end with the arrival of the first child.
newly established couple
Family diversity has progressed to the point that there is
no typical family form today
The ____ family became common in industrial societies because it was better suited for city life.
nuclear
Of the components of consummate love, which is the quickest to develop and the quickest to fade?
passion
Today's family ecologists stress the interdependence of all the world's families, not only with one another but also with our planet's ____ environment.
physical
A group of individuals who are currently unmarried or unpartnered is called the
pool of eligibles
Particularly among college educated women, parenthood is ____.
postponed
Within exchange theory, the ____ refers to the relationship between commitment to the relationship and power in the relationship.
principle of least interest
According to the family life course development framework, each developmental task has a certain order in which major transitions to adult roles take place, called ____.
role sequencing
Adults with a(n) ____ attachment style are inclined to trust that their relationships will provide ongoing emotional support
secure
Some psychologists think that what comes first is not rules about what boys and girls should do, but rather the child's awareness of being a boy or a girl. This thinking reflects which theory of socialization?
self-identification
Statistics on women in politics highlight that women - who make up over 50 percent of the U.S. population - are ____ in high government positions.
significantly underrepresented
Through the lens of social scientific research, individual choices are shaped by
social factors
The text observes that children imitate models for behavior and are rewarded by parents and others for whatever perceived as sex-appropriate behavior. This reflects which theory of socialization?
social learning
The process by which society influences members to internalize attitudes and expectations is called
socialization
Which is the phrase used to describe economic and social forces that limit personal choices?
structural constraints
The ____ perspective once argued for the functionality of specialized gender roles.
structure-functional
The view that they family is an enduring social institution because of the important tasks it performs for society-economic security, emotional support, socialization of children-is the ____ perspective.
structure-functional
From interviews and observations, the authors reveal that:
there are many definitions given for "family"
Persons who change gender identity are referred to as
transgender
According to attachment theory, if an individual is able to recognize a problematic attachment style they may be able to change it.
true
Many female victims blame themselves at least partially for the date rape.
true
Men continue to dominate corporate America.
true
People have been postponing marriage in recent years.
true
Research shows that parents, siblings, and other relatives influence a child's self-concept, having a profound influence on personal identity.
true
Somewhere between 1 and 4 percent of live births are intersexual.
true
Women now surpass men in the proportion of the total population that are college graduates.
true
The U.S. Census Bureau defines a family as
two or more persons sharing a household and who are related by blood, marriage, or adoption
Since couples have begun cohabiting in large numbers, the positive relationship between cohabitation and divorce has
weakened
Social scientist Ira Reiss has proposed what he calls a "____ theory" of love.
wheel
Images of men as instrumental and women as expressive are based on
white, middle-class heterosexuals
Those with a "family change" perspective view the family as ____.
"an adaptable institution"
According to the text, over time, cohabitation has become
"mainstream"
Sometimes we ____ into a decision rather than making a conscious one.
"slide"
