Mass Communication Final Review Part 1

Media businesses have been among the most profitable of any industry, with profit margins typically around _________ on an annual basis. Question options: a) 5 percent b) 27 percent c) 20 percent d) 15 percent e) 2 percent

20 percent

Which of the following is the main technological difference between AM and FM radio? a) AM radio has less static than FM radio. b) AM radio utilizes a digital signal while FM radio utilizes frequency modulation. c) AM radio utilizes amplitude modulation, while FM radio utilizes frequency modulation. d) FM radio utilizes a digital signal, while AM radio utilizes amplitude modulation. e) AM radio utilizes frequency modulation, while FM radio utilizes amplitude modulation

AM radio utilizes amplitude modulation, while FM radio utilizes frequency modulation.

What was the earliest recording device in the history of photography? a) Handheld camera b) Wooden sketches c) Glass plates d) Camera obscura e) Telescope

Camera obscura

Select the statement that best describes how cookies work. a) Cookies are based on a person's viewing habits and report who is watching what for the purpose of gathering ratings information. b) Cookies are attached to cable modems and slow down Internet speeds if a person uses too much data. c) Cookies recognize a person's Internet behaviors and provide custom content based on those patterns. d) Cookies follow a person's visits to social media sites and report illegal behaviors to the government. e) Cookies are based on a person's credit history and automatically purchase traditional print media such as newspapers

Cookies recognize a person's Internet behaviors and provide custom content based on those patterns.

In radio station programming, the 6 a.m. to 10 a.m. time period when most people listen to the radio as they get ready for work or school is an example of which of the following? a) Daypart b) Shiftlight c) Primetime d) Morningpart e) Timeout

Daypart

__________ refers to the merging of Internet or telecommunications companies with traditional media companies, such as Comcast with NBC Universal. a) Economic convergence b) Political convergence c) Technological convergence d) Interpersonal convergence e) Cultural convergence

Economic convergence

The gramophone used a flat disc to record sound rather than the cylinder that had been used up to that time. Who was its inventor? a) Alexander Graham Bell b) Emile Berliner c) Thomas Edison d) Charles Tainter e) Heinrich Hertz

Emile Berliner

One of the lead theorists of semiotics who helped coin the notion of signs was ____________. Question options: a) René Magritte b) James Potter c) Roland Barthes d) Ferdinand de Saussure e) Stuart Hall

Ferdinand de Saussure

How do commercial radio stations make their money? a) From on-air advertisements b) From the recording industry, which pays them a fee in order to have their music broadcast c) From listener contributions d) From government subsidies e) From subscribers

From on-air advertisements

Kiss could best be described as belonging to which of the following musical movements? a) The British Invasion b) Glam rock c) Folk rock d) Motown e) Surf rock

Glam rock

______ labels produce the majority of music titles. a) Corporate b) Independent c) Internet d) Major e) Consolidated

Independent

There are three primary means of distributing television programming. Which of the following is NOT one of them? a) Broadcasting b) Cable c) Direct-to-home satellite d) Internet e) All four are primary means of distribution

Internet

__________ was the communication scholar who wrote Understanding Media and The Gutenberg Galaxy and was perhaps most famous for creating the "global village" metaphor regarding electronic media and the often-misunderstood phrase "the medium is the message." a) Marshall McLuhan b) Benjamin Harris c) Benjamin Day d) Johann Fust e) Johannes Gutenberg

Marshall McLuhan

_____________ has several advantages over the Internet in many developing countries around the world, since the telecommunications infrastructure varies from place to place. Question options: a) Comcast b) The sonogram c) Twitter d) The kinetoscope e) Mobile telephony

Mobile telephony

Which of the following represents a form of print media designed specifically for surveillance? a) Encyclopedia b) Dictionary c) News blog d) Cookbook e) Thesaurus

News blog

Which of the following represents a form of print media designed specifically for correlation? a) Encyclopedia b) Newspaper article c) Thesaurus d) Cookbook e) Dictionary

Newspaper article

Which of the following is the most significant difference between a podcast and a direct download? a) Direct downloads are more versatile than podcasts. b) Podcasts often have an episodic nature, whereas direct downloads do not. c) Podcasts are more complex than direct downloads. d) Direct downloads are easier to obtain than podcasts. e) Podcasts cost more than direct downloads.

Podcasts often have an episodic nature, whereas direct downloads do not.

Which part of the traditional financial model for print magazines puts magazine publishers at a disadvantage to digital sources of information? a) Subscription fees b) Wide distribution c) Production costs d) Advertising revenues e) Writers' contracts

Production costs

Where did much of television's early programming in the late 1940s come from? a) Radio b) Broadway theater c) The vaudeville stage d) Dime novels e) Comic books

Radio

The ______ was created in 1927 to help establish regulation and order over the chaos of the largely unregulated airwaves. a) National Broadcasting Network b) Air Wave Act c) Radio Act d) Federal Radio Commission e) Federal Communications Commission

Radio Act

Which of the following best demonstrates why radio is used globally as an emergency broadcast system? a) The voice of another person broadcast through a radio has a calming effect. b) Radio tends to be more trustworthy than other forms of media. c) Most cars have a radio. d) Radio is highly portable and can utilize a variety of power sources. e) Radio is very loud.

Radio is highly portable and can utilize a variety of power sources.

Satellite radio is often of little use during emergency situations. Which of the following best explains why? a) Satellite radio uses digital signals that are more unreliable than those used by traditional radio. b) Satellite radio is not forced by the FCC to broadcast about emergency situations. c) Satellite radio is not as loud as traditional radio. d) Satellite radio stations do not care about emergency situations. e) Satellite radio utilizes computerized automated systems to play songs, and DJs often host remotely, making adaptation to a changing situation impossible.

Satellite radio utilizes computerized automated systems to play songs, and DJs often host remotely, making adaptation to a changing situation impossible.

A significant area of convergence is the space produced by the melding of the television and the personal computer. Related to this, how is television different today compared to when it was first developed? a) Television is less interactive and prevents viewers from participating in shows. b) Television can show millions of colors and not just black and white. c) Television allows viewers to send printed communication messages to their friends. d) Television is interactive and allows viewers to participate in shows by voting. e) Television has a limited range of programming and focuses on narrowcasting.

Television is interactive and allows viewers to participate in shows by voting.

When did the golden age of television begin? a) The 1940s b) The 1990s c) The 1950s d) The 1970s

The 1950s

How do "centralized" media organizations operate? a) They rely on the old production and distribution models. b) They specialize in one aspect of media production and distribution. c) They seek special government subsidies to produce and distribute content. d) They encourage regular Internet users to contribute content. e) They control all aspects of media production and distribution.

They control all aspects of media production and distribution.

How does product placement in film and television demonstrate the principles of convergence? a) Viewers are passive consumers of interpersonal communication messages. b) Viewers are exposed to a limited range of viewpoints. c) Viewers are exposed to only those items that pay the most to the producer. d) Viewers participate in the creation of innovative programming. e) Viewers see a mix of normal programming and advertising content

Viewers see a mix of normal programming and advertising content.

A hyperlink is __________. a) an online group of people with similar interests b) an application used to support news groups on the Internet c) a software code that enables one computer to communicate with another d) a device that connects directly to laptops e) a clickable pointer to other online content

a clickable pointer to other online content

Citizen journalism is popular in the field today because __________. a) audiences can provide coverage of local events and news that big news organizations overlook b) all forms of user-generated content (including citizen journalism stories) have high artistic value c) it is a way for news managers to cut costs. d) research has shown that citizen journalism is significantly more accurate than traditional journalism e) political parties rely on the work of citizen journalists to promote certain candidates

audiences can provide coverage of local events and news that big news organizations overlook

One obstacle to the movie industry's adoption of digital distribution has been __________. a) the major studio perception that this system offers little or no potential for savings b) pressure from independent film producers who have blocked the move c) concerns over piracy after watching the music industry's battles with file-swapping services d) the concern over loss of quality during the replication process e) There are no obstacles

concerns over piracy after watching the music industry's battles with file-swapping services

One function of print media is the transference of the dominant culture, as well as its subcultures, from one generation to the next or to immigrants in order to help people learn how to fit into society. This process is also called __________. a) marketing b) cultural transmission c) surveillance d) correlation e) entertainment

cultural transmission

Entertainment media also have biases and can propagate stereotypes of different ethnic groups. It is perhaps hardest for us to recognize how commercial forces shape the type of content we see, largely because we only see the _________ and not the processes that have taken place behind the scenes. Question options: a) end product b) telecommunications properties c) stereotypes d) media monopoly e) bandwidth

end product

A danger of the entertainment function of mass communication is that __________. a) entertainment can transmit specific sets of values b) entertainment can perpetuate certain stereotypes c) entertainment can be taken for granted d) entertainment can raise artistic and cultural tastes e) entertainment can encourage civic participation

entertainment can perpetuate certain stereotypes

Professional journalism has a strong culture of what used to be called "objectivity" but is now referred to as ____________. The professional duty of journalists is to cover an issue so that all sides are presented accurately and fairly. Question options: a) subjective point of view b) social media c) fairness and balance d) checks and balances e) truth-building

fairness and balance

Once you turn yourself into a media produser, you can challenge assumptions about how media are presented and the messages they send us as a society at large, and add your personal slant. If you were to take a commercial or music video and reconstruct it in order to assess your expectations, you would be able to present it ______________. Question options: a) using postproduction software b) from an alternative perspective c) as a viral phenomenon d) with blatant stereotypes e) as a dominant group

from an alternative perspective

The movie-industry business model is simple. It aims to __________. a) raise theater ticket prices every two years b) get as many people as possible to pay to watch a movie c) make one blockbuster movie and dozens of low-budget films every year d) allow the creation of new forms of tie-ins to promote content e) successfully increase the size of its overall audience from 2002 to 2012

get as many people as possible to pay to watch a movie

The fact that advertising increased across all media channels after the government bailout of the U.S. auto industry is important for the future of the newspaper industry because __________. a) it suggested that newspapers are still an appealing medium for advertising b) advertising revenues increased for newspapers c) newspapers can afford to maintain their print production d) newspapers can afford to hire more reporters e) it suggested that government bailouts are a viable economic option

it suggested that newspapers are still an appealing medium for advertising

Muckrakers often reported for magazines rather than newspapers because __________. a) magazine deadlines were less time-sensitive b) newspapers weren't interested in their stories c) magazines were more widely read d) magazines were more influential e) newspapers avoided political subjects

magazine deadlines were less time-sensitive

Licensing deals generate revenue in Hollywood. Studios receive royalties for licensing the rights to ______________. a) make billboards b) adapt films to radio broadcasts c) make foreign-language fiction films based on Hollywood blockbusters d) make toys, blankets, pajamas, and other goods e) produce more YouTube videos with the same content

make toys, blankets, pajamas, and other goods

Understanding media helps individuals comprehend the pervasiveness of information, how media influence our culture, and how media can ____________. Question options: a) affect only particular parts of everyday life b) manipulate public opinion c) create technophobic people d) exist separately from society e) only slightly impact political decision-making

manipulate public opinion

The __________ was a newspaper format sold at a low price point in order to be accessible to everyone. Supported by advertising rather than subscriptions, it was meant to attract as large an audience as possible. a) magazine b) codex c) dime novel d) paperback e) penny press

penny press

Media bias does not only occur in news stories. Entertainment media play an important role in _____________ and normalizing or demonizing certain types of behavior. Question options: a) advocating for fairness b) propagating stereotypes c) launching media campaigns for civil rights d) promoting cultural tolerance e) creating sympathy for members of minority groups

propagating stereotypes

The ______________ that historically replaced soap operas were subjected to congressional investigation, and many have since been replaced by ______________, which are cheaper to produce. a) talk shows; makeover shows b) courtroom judge shows; telenovelas c) dating shows; talk shows d) quiz game shows; reality shows e) quiz game shows; crime investigation shows

quiz game shows; reality shows

Newspaper chains can further the interests of the local communities they serve by __________. a) reducing the media influence of prominent local advertisers b) increasing advertisement revenues c) creating more jobs for local reporters d) replacing local content with national-interest stories e) increasing demand for local news stories

reducing the media influence of prominent local advertisers

Synchronous media __________. a) do not require the audience to assemble at any given time b) require the audience to be assembled simultaneously with the broadcast, transmission, or event c) are the programs used to move media from your computer to your tablet or smartphone. d) require Internet archives to support research projects e) require using a personal computer to act as editor, publisher, and writer

require the audience to be assembled simultaneously with the broadcast, transmission, or event

Media scholar Robert McChesney has observed that the media oligopoly of the leading nine media giants is not the only threat to the diversity of opinion and information. An additional threat is the fifty so-called ___________ that operate on a national or international level and generate more than $1 billion of business each year. Question options: a) telecommunications subsidiaries b) blind bidders c) local media distributors d) block booking systems e) second-tier media companies

second-tier media companies

Radio and recorded music have their own grammar, one that is based solely on _______. Question options: a) readers b) rhythms c) sound d) multiple audio tracks e) listeners

sound

The main channel for marketing movies is still __________. a) television advertising b) Internet advertising c) Twitter d) handbill distribution e) radio advertising

television advertising

Assuming that the American movie industry does adopt digital technology at all levels of production, movie audiences will be able to look forward to ___________. a) holograms in movie theaters b) cinema with taste and motion elements c) more transmissions of high-culture programming such as opera performances d) the improvement of picture quality (including 3-D) and sound e) decreased ticket sales

the improvement of picture quality (including 3-D) and sound

Digitization is __________. a) thin, flexible fibers of glass capable of transmitting light signals b) media's focus on narrower audience segments c) the process by which media are made into computer-readable form d) technology's shift toward user-generated content e) the process by which media are decoded from computer-readable form

the process by which media are made into computer-readable form