Mastering 12.1-12.5

A nucleic acid probe is a) a piece of radioactively labeled DNA that is used to locate a specific gene. b) a plasmid that recognizes a specific DNA sequence. c) a virus that transfers DNA to a recipient cell. d) an enzyme that locates a specific restriction site on RNA.

a) a piece of radioactively labeled DNA that is used to locate a specific gene.

In the process of human gene cloning using plasmids, the bacterial plasmid a) is used as the vector. b) is the source of the gene to be cloned. c) is cultured inside the human cell, which contains the gene to be cloned. d) is used to insert the human gene into the bacterial chromosome.

a) is used as the vector.

When DNA from two sources is combined into one single piece of DNA, it is known as a) recombinant DNA. b) a plasmid. c) a vector. d) cloned DNA.

a) recombinant DNA.

Gel electrophoresis separates pieces of DNA based on _________. a) size b) charge c) sequence d) quantity

a) size

________ are a major source of restriction enzymes. a) Human cells b) Bacterial cells c) Plant cells d) Archaea cells

b) Bacterial cells

"Sticky ends" are a) produced by the action of DNA ligase. b) DNA fragments with single-stranded ends. c) always long sequences of a single nucleotide. d) produced by PCR.

b) DNA fragments with single-stranded ends.

After DNA fragments with matching sticky ends are temporarily joined by complementary base pairing, the union can be made permanent by the "pasting" enzyme a) DNA polymerase. b) DNA ligase. c) DNA helicase. d) ATP methylase.

b) DNA ligase.

Genomic libraries can be constructed using either bacterial plasmids or what other vector? a) ribosomes b) bacteriophages c) human chromosomes d) tRNA

b) bacteriophages

Which step in this process requires use of restriction enzymes? a) step A b) step B c) step C d) step D

b) step B

Which of the following statements about nucleic acid probes is false? a) A nucleic acid probe is usually labeled with a radioactive isotope or fluorescent tag to help identify its location. b) A nucleic acid probe can be used to find a specific gene. c) A nucleic acid probe is a double-stranded section of DNA. d) A nucleic acid probe binds to a complementary sequence in the gene of interest.

c) A nucleic acid probe is a double-stranded section of DNA.

Which of the following is an example of a transgenic organism? a) a "test-tube" baby produced via in vitro fertilization b) Dolly, the cloned sheep c) a bacterium with human gene for producing insulin d) a bacterium found with a plasmid that provides protection against an antibiotic

c) a bacterium with human gene for producing insulin

Restriction enzymes a) bind together strands of DNA. b) facilitate nucleotide base pairing. c) cut DNA at specific sites. d) stop transcription and translation.

c) cut DNA at specific sites.

Biotechnology a) is generally considered more harmful than valuable to society. b) is a modern scientific discipline that has existed for only a few decades. c) has been around since the dawn of civilization. d) is strictly concerned with the manipulation of DNA.

c) has been around since the dawn of civilization.

A supplemental appendix is to a book as a ____________ is to a bacterial chromosome. a) restriction enzyme b) genetically modified organism c) plasmid d) bacterium

c) plasmid

Which step in the creation of cDNA involves the use of reverse transcriptase? a) step 1 b) step 2 c) step 3 d) step 4

c) step 3

Which of the following is the best definition of a genomic library? a) a collection of cloned DNA fragments that includes only exons from an organism's genome b) a collection of cloned DNA fragments that includes some parts of organism's genome c) a collection of cloned DNA fragments that includes multiple organisms' genomes d) a collection of cloned DNA fragments that includes an organism's entire genome

d) a collection of cloned DNA fragments that includes an organism's entire genome

A cDNA library differs from a genomic library in that a) the cDNA was constructed from introns only. b) genomic libraries are only stored in bacterial cells. c) cDNA libraries are more stable. d) cDNA libraries only contain information from genes that have been transcribed.

d) cDNA libraries only contain information from genes that have been transcribed.

Restriction enzymes __________________________. a) bind DNA together at specific nucleotide sequences b) cut DNA at specific nucleotide sequences c) copy DNA d) restrict access to the DNA of a cell

b) cut DNA at specific nucleotide sequences

DNA ligase binds a) recombinant DNA to transformed bacterial cells. b) nucleotides in the DNA backbone together. c) nucleotide base pairs together. d) recombinant DNA to recombinant proteins.

b) nucleotides in the DNA backbone together.

Restriction enzymes specifically recognize and cut short sequences of DNA called a) sticky ends. b) restriction sites. c) introns. d) exons.

b) restriction sites.

When plasmids are used to produce a desired protein, a) the bacterial genome and plasmid are inserted into the genome of the cell containing the desired gene (often the cell of a plant or animal). b) the desired gene is inserted into the plasmid, and the plasmid is returned to the bacterium by transformation. c) the plasmids are inserted into the bacterial chromosome. d) the plasmids multiply and produce the protein outside of the bacterium.

b) the desired gene is inserted into the plasmid, and the plasmid is returned to the bacterium by transformation.

The enzyme that converts information stored in RNA to information stored in DNA is a) a restriction enzyme. b) RNA polymerase. c) reverse transcriptase. d) DNA ligase.

c) reverse transcriptase.

The feature of "sticky ends" that makes them especially useful in DNA recombination is their ability to a) bind to DNA and thereby activate transcription. b) bind to ribosomes and thereby activate translation. c) allow plasmids to attach to the main bacterial chromosome. d) form hydrogen-bonded base pairs with complementary single-stranded stretches of DNA.

d) form hydrogen-bonded base pairs with complementary single-stranded stretches of DNA.

The production of multiple identical copies of gene-sized pieces of DNA defines a) genetic engineering. b) DNA technology. c) transformation. d) gene cloning.

d) gene cloning.

The process of accurately amplifying a sample of DNA is called __________________________. a) short tandem repeats b) gel electrophoresis c) recombinant DNA d) the polymerase chain reaction

d) the polymerase chain reaction

An advantage of using reverse transcriptase to prepare a gene for cloning is that a) reverse transcriptase is more efficient than RNA polymerase. b) the resulting DNA strand will lack exons. c) reverse transcriptase is more efficient than DNA polymerase. d) the resulting DNA strand will lack introns.

d) the resulting DNA strand will lack introns.