Mastering A&P Chapter 7

What type of bone is a phalanx? Flat Irregular Short Long

long ~ the elongated shape of the phalanges make them long bones, even though the phalanges are small in size.

What type of bone is the fibula? Irregular Flat Long Short

long

Name the number of tarsals. 10 8 7 5

7 ~ The tarsus is made up of 7 bones that compose the ankle and the posterior portion of the foot.

Identify the non-weight bearing bone of the lower limb. Femur Tibia Talus Fibula

Fibula ~ The fibula articulates with the tibia on its medial surface. It does not help distribute the weight of the body to the foot. The tibia is the weight bearing bone of the lower leg.

Name the bone that articulates with the distal end of the femur. Calcaneus Fibularis Fibula Tibia

Tibia

Identify the common name for the clavicle. Breast bone Shoulder blade Rib Collarbone

collarbone

What type of joint is formed between the radius and ulna? Synchondrosis Hinge Ball and socket Pivot

pivot ~ The head of the radius pivots around the ulna at the radial notch, allowing supination and pronation of the forearm.

Identify the bone that articulates with the clavicle laterally. Sternum First rib Humerus Scapula

Scapula ~ The lateral end of the clavicle articulates with the acromion process of the scapula forming the acromioclavicular joint.

Identify the landmark that is unique to the femur. Head Notch Trochanter Condyle

Trochanter ~ The greater and lesser trochanters are unique to the femur.

What part of the humerus articulates with the scapula to form the shoulder joint? Head Trochlea Deltoid tuberosity Greater tubercle

head ~ The head of the humerus articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapulae to form the shoulder joint.

How many phalanges are located in the hand? 12 15 10 14

14 ~ Three phalanges make up each finger (4 x 3) except the thumb which contains 2 phalanges.

Identify the bone found lateral to the tibia. Fibularis Femur Calcaneus Fibula

Fibula ~ the tibia and fibula lie parallel to one another between the knee and ankle.

Identify the bone that makes up the pectoral girdle with the clavicle. Scapula Rib Humerus Sternum

Scapula ~ Together the scapula and clavicle form the pectoral girdle, an incomplete bony ring surrounding the upper thorax.

Which of the following landmarks found on the proximal end of the humerus? Deltoid tuberosity Capitulum Greater tubercle Medial epicondyle

Greater tubercle ~ The greater tubercle is adjacent to the head of the humerus. It is the insertion site for some of the rotator cuff muscles.

Identify the region of the femur that forms part of the hip joint. Medial condyle Fovea capitis Head Neck

Head ~ The head of the femur is the ball portion of the hip joint, which articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone which forms the socket.

Identify the region of the radius that articulates with the ulna. Head Radial tuberosity Styloid process Neck

Head ~ The round, flat disc shaped head of the radius pivots around the ulna at the radial notch of the ulna, allowing supination and pronation of the forearm.

Identify the specific process by which the clavicle develops. Primary ossification Intramembranous ossification Endochondral ossification Osteogenesis

Intramembranous ossification ~ The clavicles and the cranial bones of the skull develop from a fibrous membrane. This process is known as intramembranous ossification.

Where is the radius located in reference to the ulna? Medial Distal Lateral Proximal

Lateral ~ The radius runs parallel to the ulna on the lateral surface of the forearm.

Which of the following landmarks is found on the distal end of the humerus? Lateral epicondyle Lesser tubercle Greater tubercle Neck

Lateral epicondyle ~ The lateral epicondyle of the humerus is on the lateral distal surface of the bone. It serves as a site of muscle attachment.

Name the noticeable bump on the outside of the ankle. Lateral malleolus Medial malleolus Medial condyle Lateral condyle

Lateral malleolus ~ The lateral malleolus of the fibula creates an easy to find surface landmark on the outside of the ankle.

Identify the landmark found on the diaphysis of the femur. Fovea capitis Deltoid tuberosity Linea aspera Greater trochanter

Linea aspera ~ The linea aspera is an elevated ridge found on the diaphysis of the femur. It serves as a site of muscle attachment.

What type of bones are the phalanges? Long Flat Short Irregular

Long ~ Although the phalanges are small in size, their elongated shape qualifies them as long bones. Flat bones are slightly curved, flat bones. (The phalanges don't match this description.)

Which of the following landmarks can be found on both the tibia and fibula? Head Malleoli Condyles Tuberosity

Malleoli ~ Both the tibia and the fibula have malleoli, which form the palpable bumps found on the inside and outside of the ankle.

The flat surface of the tibia that articulates with the femur is the superior surface of which landmark? Head Patellar surface Medial malleolus Medial and lateral condyles

Medial and lateral condyles ~ The flat articular surfaces of the medial and lateral condyles of the tibia form the knee joint with the medial and lateral condyles of the femur.

Identify the best description for the location of the head of the femur. Medial and proximal Posterior and proximal Medial and distal Lateral and proximal

Medial and proximal ~ In order for the head of the femur to articulate with the hip bones, it must make contact with the pelvic girdle (medial) at the top (proximal) portion of the femur.

Identify the anatomical landmark resulting in a noticeable bump found on the medial surface of the ankle. Lateral malleolus Styloid process Medial malleolus Medial condyle

Medial malleolus

Identify the bones that make up the palm of the hand. Metacarpals Metatarsals Carpals Phalanges

Metacarpals ~ The metacarpals are located between the carpals (the wrist) and the phalanges (the fingers).

Identify the bones that make up the middle portion of the foot. Tarsals Metatarsals Phalanges Metacarpals

Metatarsals ~ There are 5 metatarsals that are found between the tarsals (ankle and heel) and the phalanges (toes).

Identify the depression found on the posterior surface of the humerus. Medial epicondyle Coronoid fossa Head Olecranon fossa

Olecranon fossa ~ The olecranon fossa is the large depression at the distal end of the humerus. The olecranon fossa of the humerus together with the olecranon process of the ulna permit full extension of the forearm.

Identify the region of the ulna that articulates with the humerus when the forearm is in full extension. Olecranon process Trochlear notch Trochlea Coronoid process

Olecranon process ~ When the forearm is in full extension the olecranon process of the ulna fits snuggly into the olecranon fossa of the humerus.

The scapula is the site of origin of a group of muscles that stabilize the shoulder joint. Identify this muscle group. Upper arm flexor Rotator cuff Upper arm abductor Upper arm extensor

Rotator cuff ~ The 4 muscles that make up the rotator cuff originate on the scapula and insert on the proximal humerus. These muscles work to stabilize the shoulder joint, working to prevent the head of the humerus from dislocating out of the glenoid fossa.

What type of joint is formed between the wrist and the first metacarpal? Gliding Saddle Condyloid Ball and socket

Saddle ~ A saddle joint is a type of synovial joint where both articular surfaces have the shape of a saddle. The carpometacarpal joint allows specialized movement of the thumbs.

Identify the type of movement enabled by the articulation between the radius and ulna at the elbow. Supination Inversion Flexion Abduction

Supination ~ The head of the radius pivots around the ulna permitting supination and pronation of the forearm. Abduction is a movement away from midline. (This type of movement is not possible between the radius and ulna).

Identify the type of joint found between the distal end of the tibia and fibula (distal tibiofibular joint). Synchondrosis Suture Syndesmosis Symphysis

Syndesmosis ~ A syndesmosis is a type of fibrous joint where the 2 articulating bones are joined solely by ligaments.

Identify the tarsal that articulates with the tibia and fibula. Calcaneus Navicular Talus Cuboid

Talus ~ Talus articulates with the tibia and fibula on its superior surface.

Identify the bone that articulates with the distal end of the femur. Fibula Tibia Ulna Calcaneus

Tibia ~ The tibia articulates with the distal end of the femur, distributing the weight of the body to the foot.

Identify the 2 bones that the fibula articulates with in the skeleton. Tibia and talus Femur and talus Femur and calcaneus Tibia and femur

Tibia and talus ~ The fibula articulates medially along its length with the tibia, and distally the lateral malleolus of the tibia contacts talus.

Identify the blunt elevation found on the anterior surface of the tibia between the lateral and medial condyles. Articular surface of the medial condyle Tibial tuberosity Intercondylar eminence Medial malleolus

Tibial tuberosity ~ he tibial tuberosity is found on the anterior surface of the proximal part of the tibia. The patellar ligament attaches to the tibial tuberosity.

Where in the skeleton is the ulna located in reference to the humerus? Lateral Proximal Medial Distal

distal ~ The ulna is a bone in the forearm which is distal to the humerus in the upper arm. The humerus makes up the upper arm.

The condition known as a "fractured hip" is most often a break in the femur. Where is the femur particularly susceptible to a fracture? Neck Greater trochanter Acetabulum Head

neck ~ Many times the phrase "fractured hip" refers to a break in the neck of the femur. This type of fracture detaches the head of the femur leaving it in the socket (the acetabulum of the hip joint).

Which region of the scapula does articulate with another bone? Suprascapular notch Lateral border Acromion process Medial border

Acromion process ~ The acromium articulates with the acromial end of the clavicle, forming the acromioclavicular joint.

Identify the process on the scapula that does not articulate with another bone. Glenoid cavity Coronoid process Coracoid process Acromion process

Coracoid process ~ The coracoid process of the scapula is found on the lateral side of the bone projecting anteriorly and laterally. Pectoralis minor inserts on the coracoid process.

Identify the socket of the shoulder joint. Lateral border Spine Glenoid cavity Coracoid process

Glenoid cavity ~ The glenoid cavity is a round flat surface that serves as the socket of the shoulder joint. Because of its flat nature, the joint is highly moveable. It is stabilized by the rotator cuff muscles.

How many carpals make up the wrist?

8

Identify the region of the scapula that articulates with the clavicle. Coracoid process Acromion process Glenoid cavity Spine

Acromion process ~ The acromion process is the knoblike ending at the lateral end of the scapular spine. It articulates with the clavicle forming the acromioclavicular joint.

Which region of the skeleton contains the humerus? Appendicular Axial Rib cage Pectoral girdle

Appendicular ~ The appendicular skeleton consists of all of the bones that make up the arm, hand, leg, and foot.

The clavicle belongs to which of the following areas? Axial skeleton Arm Appendicular skeleton Rib cage

Appendicular skeleton

Identify the anatomical term for the "heel bone". Talus Achilles Cuneiform Calcaneus

Calcaneus ~ Calcaneus is a large tarsal that contacts the floor at its posterior region, and articulates with talus on its superior surface.

Identify the bones that make up the wrist. Carpals Tarsals Phalanges Metacarpals

Carpals ~ Eight carpals make up the wrist.

Which of the following digits contain only 2 phalanges? 5 2 3 1

1 ~ The great toe or hallux (the big toe) only has 2 phalanges, a proximal phalanx and distal phalanx. The digit that contains only 2 phalanges is medial to digit 3.

Which digit is the radius closest to? Which digit is the radius closest to? 4 1 5 3

1 ~ The radius runs parallel to the ulna on the same side as the thumb (digit 1).

Identify the true statement about the head of the ulna. Found at the proximal end of the bone. Helps form the pivot joint between the ulna and radius. Found at the distal end of the bone. Helps form the elbow joint.

Found at the distal end of the bone. ~ the head of a bone is typically found at the proximal end. The head of the ulna is at the distal end of the bone near the wrist.

Which of the following landmarks is found on the posterior surface of the scapula? Glenoid cavity Spine Coracoid process Lateral border

Spine ~ the spine of the scapula is on the back of the bone and can easily be palpated.

Identify the bone that articulates with the clavicle medially. Sternum Humerus First rib Scapula

Sternum ~ The medial, or sternal end of the clavicle articulates with the manubrium of the sternum.

Which of the following regions of the radius help form the wrist joint? Styloid process Head Neck Radial tuberosity

Styloid process ~ The styloid process of the radius is a pointed elongation of the epiphysis at the distal end of the bone. It articulates with the carpals at the wrist.

Identify the projection found on distal end of the ulna. Head Styloid process Coronoid process Olecranon process

Styloid process ~ The styloid process of the ulna makes up the superficial bump seen on lateral surface of the wrist.

Identify the region of the humerus that articulates with the ulna. Trochlea Capitulum Head Medial epicondyle

Trochlea ~ The trochlear notch of the ulna swings around the trochlea of the humerus forming the hinge joint of the elbow.

Identify the primary region of the ulna that forms the hinge joint with the humerus. Coronoid process Olecranon process Olecranon fossa Trochlear notch

Trochlear notch ~The trochlear notch of the ulna swings around the trochlea of the humerus, permitting flexion and extension at the elbow.