Mastering biology cell structure 4.3 - 4.7

Which organelle or structure is absent in plant cells?

centrosomes

The _____ is composed of DNA and protein.

chromatin

In a plant cell, DNA may be found

in the nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts.

Which of these organelles produces H2O2 as a by-product?

peroxisome

Ribosomal subunits are manufactured by the _____.

nucleolus

Which plant cell organelle contains its own DNA and ribosomes?

mitochondrion

The primary role of _____ is to bind animal cells together.

desmosomes

Which organelle plays a role in intracellular digestion?

lysosome

Which structure is the site of the synthesis of proteins that may be exported from the cell?

rough er

Which type of organelle or structure is primarily involved in the synthesis of oils, phospholipids, and steroids?

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

_____ aid in the coordination of the activities of adjacent animal cells.

Gap (communicating) junctions

Which of these provides the cell with structural support?

D

Which of these structures stores, modifies, and packages products?

A

The Golgi apparatus has a polarity or sidedness to its structure and function. Which of the following statements correctly describes this polarity?

All of the above correctly describe polar characteristics of the Golgi function.

Choose the letter that indicates the organelle that contains most of a cell's DNA.

C

A cell has formed a food vacuole as it ingested a food particle. Which of the following events is associated with the breakdown of that food particle?

Digestion of the food particle occurs in a vesicle enclosed by a membrane that separates the digestion from the cytoplasm.

Which of these is the double membrane that encloses the nucleus?

E

Which statement about extracellular structures (plant cell walls and the extracellular matrix of animal cells) is correct?

Information can be transmitted from these extracellular structures to the cytoplasm.

Why isn't the mitochondrion classified as part of the endomembrane system?

Its structure is not derived from the ER or Golgi.

Which of the following functions is NOT associated with the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Movement of RNA molecules from the nucleus to the cytoplasm

Select the correct statement describing cellular structure or function.

Plant and animal cells both carry out cellular respiration, producing ATP.

Which one of the following statements about the endomembrane system is correct?

Proteins that will be secreted from the cell are likely to be found in closed spaces bounded by membranes of the endomembrane system.

Which statement correctly describes the nuclear envelope of a eukaryotic cell?

The nuclear envelope is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum.

Identify the correct statement about differences between rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER).

The outer surface of smooth ER lacks ribosomes, whereas the outer surface of rough ER has ribosomes

Part C - Structure and function of the chloroplast

They are the sites of reactions that convert solar energy into chemical energy. They have membranous sacs called thylakoids that are surrounded by a fluid called storm. They contain the green pigment chlorophyll.

_____ is/are identical in structure to centrioles.

basal bodies

Which of the following are common traits of chloroplasts and mitochondria?

both have their own DNA

The evolution of eukaryotic cells most likely involved

endosymbiosis of an aerobic bacterium in a larger host cell-the endosymbiont evolved into mitochondria.

Part B - Sites of protein synthesis

er protein, insulin, lysosomal enzyme

Hydrolytic enzymes must be segregated and packaged to prevent general destruction of cellular components. In animal cells, which of the following organelles contains these hydrolytic enzymes?

lysosome

One of the key innovations in the evolution of eukaryotes from a prokaryotic ancestor is the endomembrane system. What eukaryotic organelles or features might have evolved as a part of, or as an elaboration of, the endomembrane system?

nuclear envelope

Part D - Pulse-chase experiments and protein location

phagocytosis

Mitochondria are found in _____.

plant and animal cells

The _____ is a selective barrier, regulating the passage of material into and out of the cell.

plasma membrane

Which type of organelle is found in plant cells but not in animal cells?

plastids

A cell with a predominance of free ribosomes is most likely

producing primarily cytoplasmic proteins.

_____ are the sites of protein synthesis.

ribosomes

Tay-Sachs disease is a human genetic abnormality that results in cells accumulating and becoming clogged with very large, complex, undigested lipids. Which cellular organelle must be involved in this condition?

the lysosome

Which of these cell junctions form a barrier to the passage of materials?

tight junctions

Which of these are hollow rods that shape and support the cell?

microtubules

Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing which of the following molecules?

proteins

Which of these manufactures cellular membranes by adding membrane proteins and phospholipids to its own membrane?

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Where is calcium stored?

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Beginning within the nucleus, the first step leading to the synthesis of a polypeptide is _____.

transferring of information from DNA to messenger RNA

Which of these organelles carries out cellular respiration?

mitochondrion

Which organelle is the primary site of ATP synthesis in eukaryotic cells?

mitochondrion