Mastering Biology Ch. 4
DNA
Dr. J. Craig Venter and his team synthetically created what?
Ribosomes
One of the ways smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) differs from rough endoplasmic reticulum is that rough ER is covered by
Endoplasmic reticulum; lysosome
The ____________________ builds compounds, whereas the ________________ breaks things down.
Nucleus
The genetic center of the eukaryotic cell is the __________.
Is rich in ribosomal RNA
The nucleolus __________.
Chloroplast, central vacuole, cell wall
What are the three organelles that plant cells have but animal cells do not?
Plasma membrane; cell wall
Animal cells are surrounded by a(n) ________________, whereas plant cells are also surrounded by a(n) ________________ .
Chloroplast
Many researchers think that the first eukaryotic cells obtained energy for life-sustaining functions from organic compounds. Given this information, which of the following organelles most likely appeared last in eukaryotic cells?
Mitochondria
Where in a cell is ATP made?
Mitochondrian
Which plant cell organelle converts chemical fuel into packets of chemical energy that can power the cell?
The plant cell wall provides a more rigid structure.
One function of the central vacuole in plant cells is facilitating cell growth: the central vacuole absorbs water and increases in size, expanding the volume and size of the plant cell while doing so. Animal cells, however, do not grow by this method. What is an essential difference between animal and plant cells that could explain how a plant cell can withstand this expansion of the central vacuole?
Several million
Pancreatic cells produce large amounts of protein. About how many ribosomes would you expect there to be in a pancreatic cell?
Chloroplasts; mitochondria
Plant cells have two energy-related organelles. ________________ harness light energy to create sugars and ________________ break down these sugars to create ATP.
Lysosome
The cells of a person with adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) swell with a buildup of fatty acids. In other words, fatty acids are not being broken down. Which organelle is most likely failing to function correctly?
A protective structure made of cellulose fibrils.
The plant cell wall is
Support, movement, and communication
The plasma membrane would fit into which general function category?
Cytoskeleton
The structural framework in a cell is the
Cytoplasm
What makes up the majority of a cell's interior?
Cristae
What mitochondrial feature enhances cellular respiration?
Plasma membrane
What structure acts as a selective barrier, regulating the traffic of materials into and out of the cell?
Embedded in the thylakoid membrane
Where are chlorophyll molecules located within the chloroplasts?
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Where are lipids made in the cell?
The chloroplast converts light energy to chemical energy.
Which of the following describes the function of the chloroplast?
Storing compounds produced by the cell
Which of the following is a function of the central vacuole?
Golgi apparatus
Which of the following is part of the endomembrane system?
Lysosomes
Which of the following organelles breaks down worn-out organelles?
Lysosome
Which of the following organelles is found only in animal cells and NOT in most plant cells?
Ribosome
Which of the following organelles puts amino acids together to form proteins?
Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosome
Which organelles comprise the endomembrane system of a cell?
Plant
You have identified a new organism. It has ribosomes, plasmodesmata, and cell walls made of cellulose. This new organism is most likely a(n) __________.
mRNA
What carries instructions for making proteins from the nucleus into the cytoplasm?
They are constructed of interrelated membranes.
What do the rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes have in common?
Nucleus
Where is the genetic information of the cell stored?
Cytosol
Where would ribosomes be located that are responsible for producing enzymes which play a role in sugar metabolism?
Breaking down of damaged organelles, such as mitochondria
Which is a typical function of lysosomes?
Whether or not the cell is partitioned into compartments by internal membranes
Which of the following clues would tell you whether a cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
Metabolism, a membrane, and a genome
According to Dr. Steen Rasmussen, what three things must all living cells have?
Central vacuoles; ribosomes
_____ are found only in plant cells, but _____ are found in both plant and animal cells.
Lack of dynein proteins
A disease called primary ciliary dyskenisia is characterized by abnormal ciliary movements. In these cilia, microtubule functioning is disrupted due to microtubules missing an essential component. This disease could be caused by __________.
On the rough endoplasmic reticulum
Digestive cells produce and secrete many enzymes that break down ingested food. These cells have a large number of ribosomes __________.
The protein is folded, then packaged for transport to the Golgi apparatus
How are cell surface proteins exported out of the cell?
Transmission electron microscope
If you wished to clearly observe the organelles inside of a white blood cell, which type of microscope would you choose?
Metabolically active
Mitochondria appear in the greatest numbers in cells that are _____.