Mastering Biology Ch. 42: Circulation and Gas Exchange

5. What is the physiological cause of a heart attack? a. A blood clot lodging in a blood vessel supplying the heart b. Rupture of coronary arteries c. Severe angina d. A blood clot moving through the chambers of the heart e. Scar tissue in the heart muscle

a. A blood clot lodging in a blood vessel supplying the heart

12. Why do larger animals, such as a bullfrog, require a circulatory system, but animals such as a planarian do not? a. Diffusion is inadequate to move gases through the body surface and into all parts of a larger animal body. However, diffusion alone is sufficient to move gases in and out of the thin body of a planarian. b. Each cell in a bullfrog requires more oxygen and nutrients than each cell in a planarian. c. The cells of a bullfrog are many times larger than the cells of a planarian. d. Gases do not diffuse through bone. Therefore, any animal with bones, such as a bullfrog, has to have a circulatory system. Any animal without bones, such as a planarian, does not have a circulatory system. e. None of the listed responses is correct.

a. Diffusion is inadequate to move gases through the body surface and into all parts of a larger animal body. However, diffusion alone is sufficient to move gases in and out of the thin body of a planarian.

22. Patients with leukemia, a type of cancer that affects the blood, often exhibit suppressed immunity and problems with blood clotting. Based on these two symptoms, which components of the blood are affected by this type of cancer? a. Platelets and leukocytes b. Erythrocytes and plasma proteins c. Platelets and erythrocytes d. Plasma proteins and leukocytes e. Plasma proteins and ions

a. Platelets and leukocytes

17. All of the following statements are correct regarding respiratory surfaces except which one? a. Respiratory surfaces must be dry. b. Respiratory surfaces must be moist. c. Respiratory surfaces have a large surface area. d. Respiratory surfaces are thin. e. Movement of gases across respiratory surfaces occurs by diffusion.

a. Respiratory surfaces must be dry.

13. Imagine that you are walking to class and a person on a bicycle comes very close to hitting you. Your heart begins to beat faster. Which of the following structures is responsible for this reaction? a. The SA node b. The AV node c. The Purkinje fibers d. The semilunar valves e. The AV valve

a. The SA node

1. Double circulation circulatory systems are found in ________, and single circulation circulatory systems are found in ________. a. amphibians; fish b. fish; reptiles c. insects; mammals d. fish; mammals e. sharks; rays

a. amphibians; fish

24. When you exhale, __________. a. both the diaphragm and the rib muscles relax b. both the diaphragm and rib muscles contract c. the rib muscles contract and the air pressure in the alveoli becomes lower than atmospheric pressure d. the volume of the chest cavity increases e. the diaphragm relaxes and the lungs expand

a. both the diaphragm and the rib muscles relax

16. Which of the following pairs correctly matches the blood component with one of its functions? a. Erythrocytes; immunity b. Plasma proteins; osmotic balance c. Leukocytes; blood clotting d. Platelets; pH buffering e. Ions; lipid transport

b. Plasma proteins; osmotic balance

4. Which of the following statements correctly describes some of the differences between arteries and veins? a. Arteries carry oxygen-poor blood, and veins carry oxygen-rich blood. b. The walls of arteries are much thicker and stronger than the walls of veins. c. Blood pressure in veins is higher than it is in arteries. d. The walls of arteries are much thinner than the walls of veins. e. Arteries contain valves, but veins do not.

b. The walls of arteries are much thicker and stronger than the walls of veins.

6. All of the following increase blood pressure except _______. a. Vasoconstriction b. Vasodilation c. ventricular contraction d. lower total cross-sectional area of blood vessels e. Endothelin

b. Vasodilation

10. Your blood pressure is 120/70. The "120" indicates __________, and the "70" indicates __________. a. pressure in the left ventricle; pressure in the right ventricle b. arterial pressure during heart contraction; arterial pressure during heart relaxation c. arterial pressure; venous pressure d. pressure in the left ventricle; pressure in the left atrium e. pressure in the systemic system; pressure in the pulmonary system

b. arterial pressure during heart contraction; arterial pressure during heart relaxation

9. Which of the following is an example of a portal vein? a. A blood vessel carrying blood from the heart to the lungs b. A blood vessel carrying blood from the lungs to the heart c. A blood vessel carrying blood from the stomach to the liver d. A blood vessel carrying blood from the major muscles of the lower leg back to the heart e. A blood vessel carrying blood from the heart to the muscles of the lower leg

c. A blood vessel carrying blood from the stomach to the liver

19. What happens when the CO2 level from cellular respiration increases in the blood? a. Cellular respiration decreases. b. The pH of the cerebrospinal fluid also increases and is detected by O2 sensors in arteries near the heart. c. A decrease in the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid triggers the brain's breathing control centers, which stimulate diaphragm and rib muscle contractions. d. The O2 level automatically increases. e. The medulla, moderated by the pons, signals the heart muscle to beat harder, bringing in more O2.

c. A decrease in the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid triggers the brain's breathing control centers, which stimulate diaphragm and rib muscle contractions.

14. What is unique about blood in pulmonary arteries compared with blood in other arteries? a. Blood in pulmonary arteries is always blue; it is red in all other arteries. b. It is moving away from the heart. c. It is loaded with carbon dioxide. d. It is moving toward the heart. e. There is no difference; it is the same as blood in other arteries.

c. It is loaded with carbon dioxide.

21. Which of the following is a function of the circulatory system? a. Producing mucus b. Eliminating hormones c. Transporting nutrients d. Producing wastes e. All of the listed responses are correct.

c. Transporting nutrients

8. How many chambers are typically found in the heart of organisms with single circulation circulatory systems? a. One b. Three c. Two d. Four e. Five

c. Two

2. To control breathing, the medulla of the human brain monitors the ________ of the blood and then sends out signals so that appropriate physiological adjustments can be made. a. carbon dioxide level b. oxygen level c. pH d. hemoglobin level e. erythrocyte count

c. pH

20. Which chambers of the heart respectively receive and pump oxygen-poor blood? a. Left atrium and left ventricle b. Right atrium and left ventricle c. Left atrium and right ventricle d. Right atrium and right ventricle

d. Right atrium and right ventricle

18. Which of the following correctly lists the sequence of blood flow in mammals? a. Aorta, left ventricle, left atrium, pulmonary veins, lungs, pulmonary arteries, right ventricle, right atrium, venae cavae b. Lungs, pulmonary arteries, right ventricle, right atrium, venae cavae, pulmonary veins, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta c. Aorta, left ventricle, left atrium, pulmonary veins, lungs, pulmonary arteries, right atrium, right ventricle, venae cavae d. Venae cavae, right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary arteries, lungs, pulmonary veins, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta e. None of the listed responses is correct.

d. Venae cavae, right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary arteries, lungs, pulmonary veins, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta

15. An open circulatory system __________. a. is less common in crabs and beetles than in mice and snakes b. unlike a closed circulatory system, does not rely on muscle contraction c. restricts the backflow of blood by valves in the trachea d. allows interstitial fluid to mix freely with vascular fluid e. has no valves

d. allows interstitial fluid to mix freely with vascular fluid

7. Heart valves function to __________. a. mix blood thoroughly as it passes through the heart b. control the amount of blood pumped by the heart c. slow blood down as it passes through the heart d. keep blood moving in the correct direction e. propel blood as it passes through the heart

d. keep blood moving in the correct direction

3. Pressure is greatest in the ventricles when __________. a. blood arrives at the right ventricle b. blood arrives at the left atrium c. AV valves are open and semilunar valves are closed d. the ventricles contract e. the atria contract during early systole

d. the ventricles contract

11. Gas exchange in the lungs of mammals occurs in the __________. a. Bronchi b. Bronchioles c. Trachea d. Larynx e. Alveoli

e. Alveoli

23. All known birds and mammals have ________. a. a single circulatory system and a four-chambered heart b. a double circulatory system and a three-chambered heart c. a double circulatory system and a two-chambered heart d. a single circulatory system and a two-chambered heart e. a double circulatory system and a four-chambered heart

e. a double circulatory system and a four-chambered heart