Mastering biology chapter 6

A horse eating some hay is an example of ________.

a consumer eating a producer

An abundant and continual supply of ATP is necessary for all living cells. Active muscle cells require an extraordinary amount of ATP to permit strenuous exercise for prolonged periods. Toxins, reduced blood flow, and a compromised respiratory system can interfere with the transport of oxygen to active cells. A runner in a marathon faces multiple obstacles to continue to produce sufficient ATP to remain competitive. Breathing faster when we exercise is necessary to expel ________.

carbon dioxide and bring in more oxygen to support aerobic metabolism

Which part of cellular respiration produces the most NADH?

citric acid cycle

Where in the cell does glycolysis occur?

cytoplasm

ATP synthase plays a role in ______.

generating ATP

Which of these equations describes aerobic cellular respiration? -glucose → lactic acid + energy -energy + carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen + water -glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy -none of the above

glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy

In what organelle would you find acetyl CoA formation, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain?

mitochondrion

A process is referred to as aerobic if it requires ________.

oxygen

Aerobic metabolism always requires _____.

oxygen

The final electron acceptor of aerobic respiration is ______.

oxygen

Human muscle cells use lactic acid fermentation to ________.

produce ATP without O2

Because plants can do photosynthesis, they are called _____.

producers

Photosynthetic organisms are ________.

producers that make all their own organic matter from inorganic molecules

A product of glycolysis is ______.

pyruvic acid

In the absence of oxygen the net gain of ATP for each glucose molecule during glycolysis is approximately __________.

2 ATPs

How many NADH are produced by glycolysis?

2

In glycolysis there is a net gain of _____ ATP.

2

In glycolysis, what starts the process of glucose breakdown?

ATP

What compound directly provides energy for cellular work? -C6H12O6 -fat -glucose -ATP

ATP

What is the correct general equation for cellular respiration? -6 O2 + 6 H2O + ATP energy → C6H12O6 + 6 CO2 -C6H12O6 + 6 H2O → 6 CO2 + 6 O2 + ATP energy -C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP energy -C6H12O6 + 6 CO2 → 6 O2 + 6 H2O + ATP energy -6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP energy → C6H12O6 + 6 O2

C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP energy

Which of these is NOT a product of glycolysis?

FADH2

Which statement describes the citric acid cycle? -This process splits glucose in half and produces 2 ATPs for each glucose. -This process produces some ATP and carbon dioxide in the mitochondrion. -This process joins 2 pyruvic acid molecules into a molecule of glucose. -This process converts pyruvic acid to acetyl CoA. -This process uses energy captured from electrons flowing to oxygen to produce most of the ATPs in cellular respiration.

This process produces some ATP and carbon dioxide in the mitochondrion.

Which statement describes glycolysis? -This process uses energy captured from electrons flowing to oxygen to produce most of the ATPs in cellular respiration. -This process converts pyruvic acid to acetyl CoA. -This process produces some ATP and carbon dioxide in the mitochondrion. -This process joins 2 pyruvic acid molecules into a molecule of glucose. -This process splits glucose in half and produces 2 ATPs for each glucose.

This process splits glucose in half and produces 2 ATPs for each glucose.

Which statement describes the electron transport chain? -This process converts pyruvic acid to acetyl CoA. -This process uses energy captured from electrons flowing to oxygen to produce most of the ATPs in cellular respiration. -This process produces some ATP and carbon dioxide in the mitochondrion. -This process joins 2 pyruvic acid molecules into a molecule of glucose. -This process splits glucose in half and produces 2 ATPs for each glucose.

This process uses energy captured from electrons flowing to oxygen to produce most of the ATPs in cellular respiration.

Which of the following metabolic pathways is common to both aerobic and anaerobic processes of sugar breakdown?

glycolysis

Which of the following processes takes place in the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell? -citric acid cycle -ATP production by ATP synthase -glycolysis -acetyl CoA formation -electron transport chain

glycolysis

Select the correct sequence of steps as energy is extracted from glucose during cellular respiration. -citric acid cycle → electron transport chain → glycolysis → acetyl CoA -glycolysis → acetyl CoA → citric acid cycle → electron transport chain -acetyl CoA → citric acid cycle → electron transport chain → glycolysis -glycolysis → citric acid cycle → acetyl CoA → electron transport chain -electron transport chain → citric acid cycle → glycolysis → acetyl CoA

glycolysis → acetyl CoA → citric acid cycle → electron transport chain

Plant cells ________.

have chloroplasts and mitochondria

Humans are both ________.

heterotrophs and consumers

In muscle cells, fermentation produces _____.

lactate and NAD+

The main function of cellular respiration is __________.

making ATP to power cell activities

Electron transport takes place in the ______.

mitochondria

In glycolysis, ATP molecules are produced by _____.

substrate-level phosphorylation

A child is born with a rare disease in which mitochondria are missing from certain skeletal muscle cells. Physicians find that the muscle cells function. Not surprisingly, they also find that ______.

the muscles contain large amounts of lactic acid following even mild physical exercise

The waste products of cellular respiration include ________.

water and carbon dioxide