Mastering Biology Midterm
The typical carbon atom is described in the periodic table by the accompanying box. Which number represents the atomic weight of carbon?
12
How many layers of phospholipids make up the plasma membrane?
2
How many species have been identified and named?
2 million
A fudge-covered cookie serving contains 9 grams of fat, and there are three cookies in a serving. Calculate how much fat you would consume if you ate nine cookies.
27 grams
The typical carbon atom is described in the periodic table by the accompanying box. How many neutrons are in a typical carbon atom?
6
While the maximum number of electrons required to fill the outermost shell of an atom varies depending on the size of the atom, almost all of the smaller atoms (atomic numbers 2-20) are considered stable (nonreactive) when they contain ________ electron(s) in the outermost shell.
8
Choose the pencil that has the lowest potential energy.
A pencil laying on the ground
Which of the following statements is true?
All prokaryotes are unicellular but eukaryotes could be either unicellular or multicellular.
Which domain includes the "extremophiles," organisms often found living in extreme conditions?
Archaea
What is the chemical equation for glucose?
C6H12O6
Which process produces glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (3GP)?
Calvin cycle
Which of the following large organic molecules includes table sugar?
Carbohydrates
Which polysaccharide consists of many long straight chains of glucose with bonds joining the chains?
Cellulose
Plastids are storage organelles. A chloroplast is a type of plastid. What does a chloroplast store?
Chlorophyll
Where do the ground state electrons come from that are excited by the energy in sunlight?
Chlorophyll
Which of the following would probably not be studied by an ecologist?
Circulatory system of fish
The chemical name for table salt is sodium chloride, or simply NaCl. What type of chemical is NaCl?
Compound
Which of the following organisms arose through artificial selection?
Dalmatians
A current trend among professional baseball players is wearing braided titanium necklaces. The titanium reportedly regulates the flow of energy through the body. The player wearing the necklace then improves strength, tires less, and recovers more quickly. If you were to evaluate these claims using the scientific method, what would be the first step?
Develop a hypothesis.
Which of the following is the correct organizational hierarchy, from largest to smallest, in the hierarchical order of life? (Some levels have been omitted, so you are looking for the correct order.)
Ecosystem → Community → Population → Organ → Tissue → Cell → Molecule → Atom
Which combination describes the plasma membrane?
Hydrophobic interior, hydrophilic exterior
Every conversion of energy involves the loss of some of that energy. How is the majority of energy typically lost from an ecosystem?
In the form of heat
What might lead to a protein that does not function properly?
Incorrect folding of the amino acid chain The active site becoming distorted The active site becoming blocked
What is the definition of endocytosis?
It is the bulk transport of materials into the cell.
A recent commercial advertised for a wristband that claimed to restore health and balance by taking advantage of natural frequencies of your biofield. It even showed several people struggling to balance first without the wristband and then balancing fine with the wristband. For only $20 plus shipping and handling this device can be yours. Why should you be skeptical of the claims made in this ad?
It was not a controlled experiment.
How is life defined?
Life is defined through a set of shared characteristics that all living things display.
What does "Descent with Modification" mean?
New forms descending from earlier ones but with some changes
Is a virus alive?
No, it does not possess all of the requirements for life.
Which cellular structure is unique to plant cells?
None of these
Alcohol is a waste product produced by yeast in the presence of sugar and the absence of ________.
O2
The electronegativity of an atom is determined by how strongly the outermost electrons are pulled toward the nucleus. Somewhat like gravity, the electronegativity will be stronger in atoms with larger nuclei and closer outermost electrons. Which element has the strongest electronegativity?
Oxygen
Which cellular structure is unique to prokaryotic organisms?
Pili
Which group includes photosynthetic members?
Plants Protists Bacteria
Archaea are a distinct group of organisms that are about the size and shape of bacteria. Although they lack a nucleus or any other organelle, they produce enzymes similar to those produced by animal cells. Which cell type are they?
Prokaryotes
What is the role of the nuclear membrane?
Regulates transport of substances between the nucleus and the cytoplasm
Which would have the highest concentration of C-H bonds?
Saturated fat
Which reaction represents cellular respiration?
Sugar + O2 → CO2 + H2O + ATP
Energy flows through an ecosystem. What is typically the originating source of energy in an ecosystem?
Sun
A needle can be made to "float" on the surface tension of water. What causes this surface tension to form?
The cohesion of water molecules to each other
Select the most complete explanation of what the pH scale actually measures.
The concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution
How is the nuclear membrane different from the plasma membrane?
The nuclear membrane has two phospholipid bilayers, whereas the plasma membrane has one.
What will be accomplished by lowering the activation energy of a reaction?
The reaction will proceed more quickly.
Some bacteria are photosynthetic. Part of the definition of a prokaryote is that they have no membrane-bound organelles, including chloroplasts. Explain how bacteria carry out photosynthesis without chloroplasts.
They still have thylakoids, they just are not compartmentalized into chloroplasts.
Ribosomes are directly associated with which process?
Translation
Can energy be harvested by the cells from glucose without oxygen?
Yes, but much less than with oxygen.
Numerous short extensions of the cell that function for movement, either of the cell through its environment or the environment past a stationary cell, are called ________.
cilia
The breaking of a large organic molecule into smaller individual subunits involves multiple ________.
hydrolysis reactions
If the number of protons in an atom does not match the number of electrons, the atom is specifically called an ________.
ion
The passive transport of water is specifically called ________.
osmosis