Mastering Biology Questions (Chapter 3)

Steroids

are lipids with a structure consisting of four fused rings. Many sex hormones are made from this type of lipid.

C

DNA is composed of building blocks called _____. A.) nucleic acids B.) Gs C.) nucleotides D.) adenines E.) amino acids

E

Defensive proteins are manufactured by the _____ system. A.) digestive B.) integumentary C.) nervous D.) cardiovascular E.) immune

A

Double bonds are present in the majority of the fats of which of the following foods? A.) peanuts B.) margarine C.) eggs D. lard

C

A DNA nucleotide is composed of a __________. A.) deoxyribose sugar, which is attached to a phosphate group, which is bonded to a nitrogenous base B.) ribose sugar, which is attached to a phosphate group, which is bonded to a nitrogenous base C.) deoxyribose sugar, which is bonded to a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base D.) ribose sugar, which is bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base

glycerol

A fat molecule is composed of two types of smaller molecules: ____________ and fatty acids.

carboxyl group

A fatty acid consists of a ______________ and a long hydrocarbon chain.

D

A protein containing more than one polypeptide chain exhibits the ________ level of protein structure. A.) primary structure B.) primary and secondary structure C.) primary, secondary, and tertiary structure D.) primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure

B

An oil may be converted into a substance that is solid at room temperature by A.) removing hydrogens, increasing the number of double bonds in the molecules. B.) adding hydrogens, decreasing the number of double bonds in the molecules. C.) removing water, causing a dehydration synthesis reaction to occur. D.) cooling it, so that double bonds form and the fats solidify.

C

Arrow A is indicating a(n) _____ protein. A.) receptor B.) enzyme C.) structural D.) transport E.) signal

B

Arrow D is indicating a _____ protein. A.) defensive B.) receptor C.) transport D.) storage E.)gene regulatory

D

Below is a molecule of caffeine. Which of the following features are not present in a molecule of caffeine? A.) a carbonyl group B.) a methyl group C.) one or more double bonds D.) a carboxyl group

Simple sugar

Carbohydrates are made of _____________ monomers.

D

Choose the pair of terms that completes this sentence: Hydroxyl is to _____ as _____ is to amine. A.) aldehyde ... ketone B.) carbonyl ... carboxyl C.) ketone ... amino D.) alcohol ... amino

C

DNA has the appearance of a _____. A.) single strand B.) letter U C.) double helix D.) triple helix E.) circle

E

Dr. Haxton told one of his students, "To move in the bloodstream, fats need the help of phospholipids." What would a good student say? A.) Right. Fats are too polar to travel alone in water. B.) You have it backwards. Fats help phospholipids to travel. C.) Not so. Fats are small enough to travel easily without help. D.) Sorry, Dr. Haxton! Help comes from cholesterol, not phospholipids. E.) Yes. Nonpolar molecules aren't compatible with water.

C

Glycogen is _____. A.) a transport protein that carries oxygen B.) a polysaccharide found in plant cell walls C.) a polysaccharide found in animals D.) the form in which plants store sugars E.) a source of saturated fat

D

In its true natural place, CRISPR-CAS9 functions in what regard? A.) hydrologic B.) digestive C.) reproductive D.) immune

C

In this study, the nucleotide transporter proved key to which of the following? A.) Reducing division B.) Cell lysis C.) Proper copying D.) Limiting mutations

Hydrophobic

Lipids are diverse compounds that are grouped together because they are ____________.

nucleotide

Nucleic acid polymers are made up of _______________ monomers.

E

Polymers that contain sugars ... A.) may store hereditary information. B.) may store energy. C.) may protect cells. D.) Both (b) and (c). E.) (a), (b), and (c).

amino acid

Protein polymers are made up of ____________ monomers.

D

Structural proteins... A.) include hemoglobin. B.) include ovalbumin, a protein found in egg white. C.)include receptor molecules. D.) are found in hair and tendons.

saturated fatty acids

The hydrocarbon chains of __________ are not kinked, and thus pack closely together, making animal fats solid at room temperature.

A

The oil and vinegar in your salad dressing remain separate from one another due to the _____ properties of the oil. A.) hydrophobic B.) hydrogenated C.) hydrophilic D.) saturated

A

The tertiary structure of a polypeptide refers to A.) the overall three-dimensional structure. B.) its size. C.) the amino acids of which it is made. D.) the presence of pleated sheets.

C

This animation illustrates the functioning of a _____ protein. A.) gene regulatory B.) structural protein C.) transport D.) contractile E.) receptor

B

What do fats, steroids, and waxes have in common? A.) Moderate polarity. B.) Low solubility in water. C.) They occur in membranes. D.) Both (a) and (c). E.) Both (b) and (c).

D

What do phospholipids and cholesterol have in common? A.) Both are steroids. B.) Both contain glycerol and two fatty acid groups. C.) Both groups of lipids contain human sex hormones. D.) Both are important components of cell membranes.

B

What is another name for a condensation reaction? A.) water formation B.) dehydration C.) catabolism D.) hydrolysis E.) monomerization

A

What is the name of the process during which a bond between two monomers is broken? A.) hydrolysis B.) dehydration C.) condensation D.) combustion

D

When an RNA strand forms using DNA as a template, _____. A.) adenine pairs with cytosine and guanine pairs with thymine B.) guanine pairs with adenine and thymine pairs with uracil C.) thymine pairs with cytosine and adenine pairs with guanine D.) uracil pairs with adenine and cytosine pairs with guanine

B

Which of the following foods would contain the most starch? A.) steak B.) carrots C.) celery D.) liver

C

Which of the following is true? A.) Synthetic base pairs have been transcribed into RNA, and full DNA translation has been successful. B.) Synthetic base pairs have been transcribed into RNA, but translation has yet to be successful. C.) Synthetic base pairs have not been transcribed into RNA. D.) Synthetic base pairs have been transcribed into RNA, and partial DNA translation has been successful.

D

Which of the following molecules is a carbohydrate? A.) C51H98O6 B.) C22H49O10N5 C.) C45H84O8P4 D.) C60H100O50

A

Which of the following statements regarding lactose tolerance is true? A.) Lactose tolerance has evolved independently in multiple different human populations. B.) Lactose intolerance refers to a person's inability to produce the sugar lactose. C.) Relatively few people on this planet are lactose intolerant. D.) The ability to hydrolyze lactose would be equally beneficial to all human populations.

D

Which of the following was a precursor to creating this synthetic bacterium? A.) Creating a synthetic virus. B.) Creating synthetic RNA. C.) Creating synthetic DNA. D.) Creating a synthetic base pair.

B

Which of the following would be correctly classified as a protein? A.) cellulose B.) an enzyme C.) cholesterol D.) starch

B

Which of these does NOT contain a structural protein? A.) muscles B.) ovalbumin C.) tendons D.) spider silk E.) ligaments

D

Which of these is a polysaccharide? A.) lactose B.) galactose C.) glucose D.) cellulose E.) sucrose

A

Which of these is a source of lactose? A.) milk B.) starch C.) sugar beets D.) potatoes E.) sugar cane

D

Which statement correctly describes bonds of the secondary structure of proteins? A.) Secondary structure involves bonding between atoms of the R groups of the amino acid subunits. B.) Secondary structure involves the association of polypeptide chains, or subunits. C.) Disulfide bridges form at the secondary level. D.) Secondary structure involves hydrogen bonding between atoms of the polypeptide backbone.

C

You are a genetic engineer working on this project. If it is working properly, as the bacteria divide, what happens to those cells that drop the synthetic base pairs? A.) They multiply rapidly. B.) They remain in a state of torpor. C.) They are destroyed. D.) They double in size.

A

_____ is the most abundant organic compound on Earth. A.) Cellulose B.) Starch C.) Glycogen D.) Lactose E.) Glucose

Phospholipids

___________ are a major component of cell membranes. They form a bilayer with their hydrophobic tails mingling together and their hydrophilic heads facing the watery environment on both sides of the membrane.

A

glucose + glucose —> _____ by _____. A.) maltose + water ... dehydration synthesis B.) lactose + water ... hydrolysis C.) sucrose + water ... dehydration synthesis D.) cellulose + water ... hydrolysis E.) starch + water ... dehydration synthesis

Unsaturated fatty acids

have one or more double bonds in their hydrocarbon chains and are usually found in vegetable oils.