Mastering Biology: Respiration

Which statement about the transport and use of oxygen in humans is FALSE? Oxygen for cellular respiration is taken up by the lungs. Hemoglobin transports oxygen from the lungs to body cells requiring ATP for cellular work. Oxygen serves as the terminal electron acceptor in mitochondria. Oxygen is converted to CO2 in mitochondria. High CO2 levels decrease the oxygen-binding capacity of hemoglobin.

Oxygen is converted to CO2 in mitochondria.

From where does the CO2 released in cellular respiration come? CO2 is formed when oxygen combines with the carbon atoms of glucose in the mitochondrial matrix. CO2 is formed when oxygen accepts the electrons from the mitochondrial electron transport chain. CO2 is what is left over from the carbon chain of glucose after the loss of H (electrons and H+). CO2 is formed by extraction of electrons from water in the presence of glucose. CO2 is released in the Calvin cycle.

CO2 is what is left over from the carbon chain of glucose after the loss of H (electrons and H+).

In mitochondrial electron transport, water is formed. Where does the oxygen for the formation of water come from? carbon dioxide (CO2) glucose (C6H12O6) molecular oxygen (O2) ethanol (C2H5OH) lactate (C3H5O3-)

molecular oxygen (O2)

Which molecules can be utilized (directly or after some breakdown) in the cellular respiration pathway to generate ATP energy? only amino acids and proteins only glycerol and fatty acids only glucose and sucrose only glycerol, fatty acids, glucose, sucrose, starch, and glycogen amino acids, protein, glycerol, fatty acids, glucose, sucrose, starch, and glycogen

amino acids, protein, glycerol, fatty acids, glucose, sucrose, starch, and glycogen

Humans exhale CO2. Which of the four molecules below could NOT be the dietary source of the carbon converted to CO2 and exhaled by you? A carbon atom in a molecule of cellulose starch fructose glucose fat

cellulose

True or false? All cells with mitochondria convert the energy of the proton (H+) gradient across the inner membrane into ATP for cellular work. true false

false

Where are the proteins of the electron transport chain located in cellular respiration? within the mitochondrial intermembrane space in the mitochondrial inner membranes in the cytosolic fluid in the thylakoid membranes in the mitochondrial matrix fluid

in the mitochondrial inner membranes

Three of the four features below serve as DIRECT sources of high-energy electrons for cellular respiration. Which does not? food molecules C-H bonds sugars sunlight

sunlight

Four of the five processes below are fueled by ATP formed in mitochondria. Which is not fueled by ATP? transport of substances from low to high concentration across the outer cell membrane movement of a vesicle along a cytoskeletal track transport of protons (H+) from low concentration in the mitochondrial matrix to high concentration in the mitochondrial intermembrane space chemical work phosphorylation of a cytosolic protein

transport of protons (H+) from low concentration in the mitochondrial matrix to high concentration in the mitochondrial intermembrane space

What makes carbohydrates and fats a source of energy? Both have a lot of oxygen atoms. Both have a lot of bonds with loosely held electrons. Both are hydrophobic molecules. Both form hydrogen bonds with water. Both have a lot of bonds with tightly held electrons.

Both have a lot of bonds with loosely held electrons.

The oxygen consumed during cellular respiration participates most DIRECTLY in what process? phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP glycolysis accepting electrons at the end of the mitochondrial electron transport chain the citric acid cycle forming CO2

accepting electrons at the end of the mitochondrial electron transport chain

In endothermic animals, the color of their brown fat tissue is due to the presence of many mitochondria. How does brown fat tissue serve the animal? It increases the production of ATP converts most of the energy of food molecules to heat helps the animal stay cool when it is hot increases the usable energy that can be gained from glucose limits the loss of energy as heat

converts most of the energy of food molecules to heat

Where does glycolysis take place? mitochondrial outer membrane mitochondrial inner membrane mitochondrial matrix fluid mitochondrial intermembrane space cytosolic fluid

cytosolic fluid

The uncoupling protein converts the energy provided by ______ to _______. glucose; ATP ATP; heat glucose; heat pyruvate; ATP pyruvate; NADH

glucose; heat

Most of the energy captured by producers in an ecosystem is LOST as WHAT in the food chain? ATP heat sunlight sugars starch

heat

The energy released by electrons flowing through the mitochondrial electron transport chain is DIRECTLY captured to energize glucose formation the build-up of a proton gradient ATP formation H2O formation NADH formation

the build-up of a proton gradient

All of the processes below are somehow related to ATP production in mitochondria. Which process directly turns the ATP synthase turbine in mitochondria: the flow of H+ along its concentration gradient from the intermembrane space to the matrix. the transfer of electrons to oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor. the loading of electrons from NADH into the mitochondrial electron transport chain. the removal of H (electrons and H+) from C-H bonds of energy-rich food molecules in glycolysis. the removal of H (electrons and H+) from C-H bonds of energy-rich food molecules in the citric acid cycle.

the flow of H+ along its concentration gradient from the intermembrane space to the matrix.