Mastering Chapter 1 Homework

It is helpful to form hypotheses because they help focus your investigation on a single idea to be tested. Suppose that a farmer wants to determine what the best growing conditions are for almond trees on his farm. Which of the following are appropriate hypotheses that the farmer could test? Select all that apply. 1.Almond trees grow taller when they are planted in direct sunlight. 2. Almond trees live longer if fertilizer is mixed into the soil once every three months. 3.Almond trees produce larger almonds if they are watered daily and fertilizer is used. 4.Almond trees produce more almonds if they are watered once a day.

-Almond trees grow taller when they are planted in direct sunlight. -Almond trees live longer if fertilizer is mixed into the soil once every three months. -Almond trees produce more almonds if they are watered once a day.

8. Kingdom_______consists of multicellular eukaryotes that obtain their food by ingesting (eating) other organisms.

-animalia

3. Most of the prokaryotes known as_____alive in extreme environments, such as salty lakes

-archae

2. are the most diverse and widespread prokaryotes.

-bacteria

Prokaryotic cells are found in the domain(s) _____.

-bacteria & archaea

A(n) _________ in an experiment yields data against which other groups are compared.

-control group

1. Organisms with prokaryotic cells are separated into two domains, Bacteria and Archaea.

-domains

4. All organisms with eukaryotic cells are grouped in domain _______.

-eukarya

Fungi are classified into which Domain?

-eukarya

A human is classified in domain _____ and kingdom _____.

-eukarya & Animalia

A rose bush is classified in domain _____ and kingdom _____.

-eukarya,archae; bacteria

A(n) ______differs from the control group by the one variable that is being tested in the experiment.

-experimental group

7. Kingdom ______ includes eukaryotic organisms that mostly decompose organic wastes and absorb nutrients into their cells.

-fungi

A(n) is a proposed, testable explanation for an observation.

-hypothesis

Relative to prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells are usually ______

-larger and more complex

There is (are) _____ eukaryotic domain(s).

-one

6. Kingdom ________ consists of multicellular eukaryotes that produce their food by photosynthesis.

-plantae

5. ___________are a diverse collection of mostly single-celled eukaryotes, which are sorted into several kingdoms to reflect their evolutionary relationships.

-protists

A(n) _______ is a factor that changes during an experiment.

-variable

4. uses ''if . . . then'' logic to proceed from a general hypothesis to specific predictions of results that can be expected if the general premise is true.

Deductive reasoning

The scientific method is a process that is used by everyone in their daily lives, not just by scientists in a research lab. Which of the following scenarios describe people using steps of the scientific method? Select all that apply. Sarah observes that a specific type of ant keeps showing up in her kitchen, which leads her to wonder what the ant is attracted to.Miguel's car doesn't start in the morning, so he methodically checks one possible component at a time to try to figure out why his car will not start.In order to determine what type of fertilizer works best for growing flowers on his balcony, Joe plants flowers in three pots with three different types of fertilizes and measures their growth over time.While trying to figure out why her smartphone keeps turning off after she dropped it, Jocelyn predicts that the battery is loose inside the case.

Sarah observes that a specific type of ant keeps showing up in her kitchen, which leads her to wonder what the ant is attracted to.Miguel's car doesn't start in the morning, so he methodically checks one possible component at a time to try to figure out why his car will not start.In order to determine what type of fertilizer works best for growing flowers on his balcony, Joe plants flowers in three pots with three different types of fertilizes and measures their growth over time.While trying to figure out why her smartphone keeps turning off after she dropped it, Jocelyn predicts that the battery is loose inside the case.

6. involves both an experimental group and a control group, which are alike except for the one variable that the experiment is designed to test.

controlled experiment

A rose bush is classified in domain _____ and kingdom _____.

eukarya & plantae

Imagine that your car is stalled and will not start. If you add gasoline to the tank to see if that helps, which step of the scientific method are you performing?

experiment

5. A hypothesis must be testable and falsifiable--there must be some observation or experiment that could show that it is not true.

falsiable

3. A(n) hypothesis is a proposed explanation for a set of observations. It leads to predictions that can be tested by additional observations or by experiments.

hypothesis

A(n) _____________ is a testable explanation for an observation.

hypothesis

2. Using a type of logic known as inductive reasoning, a generalized conclusion can often be drawn from a large number of specific observations.

inductive reasoning

Which of the following lists the steps of the scientific method in their proper order?

observation, question, hypothesis, prediction, experiment

Which of the following is an example of discovery science?

observing what other students in your class are wearing

1. Scientists use a general process known as scientific inquiry to ask and answer questions about nature.

scientific inquiry

Which of the following is an example of hypothesis-driven science?

testing whether or not dead batteries are preventing a TV remote from working

What is biology?

the scientific study of life

7. is broader in scope than a hypothesis, is supported by a large body of evidence, and generates many new hypotheses.

theory