Mastering Chemistry: Ch. 26

RNA differs from DNA in that

(all of the answers are correct) - it is single stranded - there are three types of RNA - thymine is replaced by uracil - the sugar is ribose

The number of hydrogen bonds between adenine and thymine in DNA is

2

The number of hydrogen bonds in an AT base pair is?

2

The number of hydrogen bonds between cytosine and guanine in DNA is

3

The number of hydrogen bonds in a GC base pair is?

3

Write the complementary sequence of bases for each DNA strand shown below. 5' T-A-T-A-C-T-G 3'

3' A-T-A-T-G-A-C 5'

What RNA base sequences are complementary to the following DNA template sequences? Be sure to label the 5' and 3' ends of the complementary sequences. 5' TTA GAG TCT ACA 3'

3' AAU CUC AGA UGU 5'

What is the complementary strand for a single DNA strand with the sequence 5' TCGA 3'?

3' AGCT 5'

Write the complementary sequence of bases for each DNA strand shown below. 5' G-A-T-C-G-C-T-C-T 3'

3' C-T-A-G-C-G-A-G-A 5'

What RNA base sequences are complementary to the following DNA template sequences? Be sure to label the 5' and 3' ends of the complementary sequences. 5' CAT GCT CTA CAG 3'

3' GUA CGA GAU GUC 5'

The complementary DNA strand for [5'-CTGATATGCTTA-3'] is?

3'-GACTATACGAAT-5'

Consider the following segment of an original DNA strand: 5′ A-G-A-T-C-G-T 3′ Which of the following represents the complementary DNA strand?

3′ T-C-T-A-G-C-A 5′

What RNA base sequences are complementary to the following DNA template sequences? Be sure to label the 5' and 3' ends of the complementary sequences. 3' TAT TAG CGA CCG 5'

5' AUA AUC GCU GGC 3'

The complementary mRNA template for the DNA strand [3'-TTACGCATA-5'] is?

5'-AAUCGCUAU-3'

The complementary mRNA template for the DNA strand [3'-CCAGGCAAC-5'] is?

5'-GGUCCGUUG-3'

A nucleotide is a(an)

5'-monophosphate ester of a nucleoside

Which of the following is the correct mRNA strand synthesized from the following DNA template strand? 3′ AGT CAA GCT TTC 5′

5′ UCA GUU CGA AAG 3′

The pyrimidine bases are

6 membered ring systems containing 2 ring nitrogens

The missing nucleotide in the DNA strand [5'-GCCTCCG-3'.....3'-CGG_GGC-5'] is

A

The codon for lysine is

AAG

The start codon is

AUG

The codons for the tripeptide met-phe-ile are ___

AUG-UUU-AUA

One pair of nitrogen bases in DNA is

Adenine and Thymine or Guanine and Cytosine

The missing nucleotide in the mRNA template of the DNA strand [3'-TTAGAAT-5'....5'-AAU_UUA-3'] is

C

The sugar found in an RNA nucleotide is

D-ribose

What is the difference between deoxyribose and ribose?

Deoxyribose has one less oxygen atom than does ribose

The missing nucleotide in the DNA strand [5'-ATTCTTA-3'....3'-TAA_AAT-5'] is

G

The codons for the tripeptide asp-leu-cys are

GAU-CUC-UGU

All of the statements about RNA are correct except - messenger RNA is complementary to the template strand of its DNA, and almost identical to the informational strand of the DNA - RNA does not contain thymine - RNA can exist in three forms: rRNA, tRNA, and mRNA - transfer RNA delivers amino acids to the protein chain as it is being manufactured - RNA molecules are smaller than DNA molecules, but form double helices like DNA.

RNA molecules are smaller than DNA molecules, but form double helices like DNA

What kind of intermolecular attraction holds the DNA double helix together?

The DNA double helix is held together by: hydrogen bonds

Which of the following statements about the tetranucleotide T-A-G-A is correct?

This tetranucleotide could be found in DNA with the T on the 5' end

The missing nucleotide in the mRNA template if the DNA strand [3'-GTCACGTT-5'....5'CAG_GCAA-3'] is?

U

A stop codon is

UGA

Which base is normally found in RNA but not in DNA?

Uracil

A codon is

a sequence of three nucleotides in RNA that codes for a specific amino acid or for chain termination

What is the name of the base at the 3' end of the sequence G-A-C-T-T-A?

adenosine

The backbone of a nucleic acid molecule consists of

alternating sugar and phosphate groups linked by phosphate ester bonds

Transcription and translation of the mRNA involved in protein synthesis occur in two different locations in the cell. Translation occurs in the

cytoplasm

The initials in DNA stand for

deoxyribonucleic acid

The structure of DNA is best described as a

double helix

The purine bases are

fused 5 and 6 membered ring systems containing 4 ring nitrogens

What is the name of the base at the 5' end of the sequence G-A-C-T-T-A?

guanine

The bonding forces between two DNA strands in a double helix are

hydrogen bonds

The type of nucleic acid that carries the information for protein synthesis from the nucleus to the cytoplasm is

mRNA

____ is the RNA that carries the code for transcription from DNA to rRNA and directs protein synthesis

mRNA

A nucleotide is comprised of a ____ with a ____ added to it

nucleoside; phosphate group

DNA is primarily located in what part of the cell?

nucleus

Transcription is

production of a single strand of RNA from the template strand of DNA

____ is the RNA that is composed with proteins in ribosomes

rRNA

The process of manufacturing an identical copy of a DNA molecule is called

replication

rRNA is associated with what part of the cell?

ribosome

Which of the following is a major function of nucleic acids? - structural support in both plants and animals - storage and transfer of genetic information - storage and intracellular transfer of energy - catalysis of virtually all biochemical reactions - long-term storage of energy

storage and transfer of genetic information

____ is the RNA that transports amino acids into position for protein synthesis

tRNA

Which base is normally found in DNA but not in RNA?

thymine

The process in which information from DNA is used to manufacture RNA is called

transcription

The process in which information contained in RNA is used to manufacture proteins is called

translation

During the process of transcription, the base adenine in DNA pairs with the base ____ in the new mRNA

uracil