Mastering Exam 3 Review

The density of seawater is slightly lower than the density pure water.

False

Water can pile up higher than the edge of a container due to its low surface tension.

False

Which swift-flowing surface current in a major subtropical gyre transports a large volume of warm water from the equator towards mid latitudes? California Current North Equatorial Current Benguela Current West Australian Current Kuroshio Current

Kuroshio Current

Water is a polar molecule.

True

Thermohaline circulation is driven by: latitude. longitude. the Coriolis effect. density differences. wind.

density differences.

As the salinity of seawater increases, its: residence time changes. residence time decreases. density decreases. density increases. residence time increases.

density increases.

rapid change in ocean temperature with a change in depth occurs in the: halocline. pycnocline. barocline. isocline. thermocline.

thermocline.

Surface ocean currents are driven primarily by ________ and modified by ________. density differences; differences in salinity and temperature wind; the Coriolis effect and land wind; gravity and density latitude; differences in salinity and land density differences; the Coriolis effect and land

wind; the Coriolis effect and land

How much of Earth's surface water exists in the oceans? Half of Earth's surface water exists in the oceans. One-quarter of Earth's surface water exists in the oceans. Almost none of Earth's surface water exists in the oceans. Almost all of Earth's surface water exists in the oceans. Three-quarters of Earth's surface water exists in the oceans.

Almost all of Earth's surface water exists in the oceans.

Of the following statements about the density of seawater, which is/are true? A decrease in temperature increases seawater density. None of the listed choices is correct; seawater density is independent of salinity and temperature changes. An increase in salinity increases seawater density. An increase in temperature increases seawater density. A decrease in salinity increases seawater density.

An increase in salinity increases seawater density. A decrease in temperature increases seawater density.

An eastern boundary current is generally narrow and swift. True False

False

Deep ocean water does not travel across the equator. True False

False

Greater temperature fluctuations are seen in coastal areas due to the marine effect.

False

Salinity refers to all of the solid materials in seawater including dissolved and suspended substances.

False

A deep and powerful southward subsurface current that flows under the Gulf Stream in the North Atlantic is the __________. Antarctic Intermediate Water North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre Canary Current Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) North Atlantic Deep Water

North Atlantic Deep Water

How does water get from the oceans onto land? Ocean water evaporates to form gaseous water and moves into the atmosphere, where it condenses into gaseous water and falls out of the atmosphere to land as rain. Ocean water condenses to form gaseous water and moves into the atmosphere, where it evaporates into liquid water and falls out of the atmosphere to land as rain. Ocean water evaporates to form liquid water and moves into the atmosphere, where it condenses into liquid water and falls out of the atmosphere to land as rain. Ocean water evaporates to form gaseous water and moves into the atmosphere, where it condenses into liquid water and falls out of the atmosphere to land as rain. Ocean water evaporates to form solid water and moves into the atmosphere, where it condenses into liquid water and falls out of the atmosphere to land as rain.

Ocean water evaporates to form gaseous water and moves into the atmosphere, where it condenses into liquid water and falls out of the atmosphere to land as rain.

What would happen to atmospheric water if Earth were mostly covered with land? The atmosphere would contain warmer water. The atmosphere would contain more water. The atmosphere would contain colder water. The atmosphere would contain less water.

The atmosphere would contain less water.

What does the hydrologic cycle describe? The hydrologic cycle describes how liquid and gaseous water move between the ocean, atmosphere, and rivers. The hydrologic cycle describes how liquid and solid water move between the ocean, atmosphere, and land. The hydrologic cycle describes how liquid and gaseous water move between the ocean, atmosphere, and land. The hydrologic cycle describes how liquid and solid water move between the ocean, atmosphere and rivers. The hydrologic cycle describes how solid and gaseous water move between the ocean, atmosphere, and land.

The hydrologic cycle describes how liquid and gaseous water move between the ocean, atmosphere, and land.

What would happen to the oceans if surface runoff and groundwater flow did NOT occur? The oceans would become smaller. The oceans would become bigger. The oceans would stay the same size.

The oceans would become smaller.

What caused the object filled with water to respond the way it did when it was subjected to the flame? The water expanded when it was heated. The water was very salty, so it crystallized salt onto the surface of the container. The water has low heat capacity, so it allowed the surface to heat up suddenly. The water was very wet, so it put out the flame. The water absorbed the heat away from the surface of the container.

The water absorbed the heat away from the surface of the container.

Deep ocean currents often move cold, dense water away from the poles. True False

True

Deep ocean water masses have characteristic temperatures and salinities. True False

True

Evaporation causes cooling in the liquid left behind.

True

The circular movement of surface water currents driven by the major wind belts are called gyres. True False

True

Water is one of the few substances that exists naturally on Earth in all three states of matter (ice, water, and water vapor).

True

Western boundary currents such as the Gulf Stream transport warm water from the tropics towards higher latitudes. True False

True

What common household item is used in this video to demonstrate the Ekman spiral? a can of soda oil and vinegar salad dressing a deck of playing cards a kitchen utensil a balloon

a deck of playing cards

To what depth in the ocean does the Ekman spiral extend? about 10 meters (33 feet) about 100 meters (330 feet) about 1000 meters (3300 feet) all the way to the sea floor, no matter how deep the ocean is

about 100 meters (330 feet)

Surface ocean currents ___. CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY. are influenced by Coriolis effect transfer large amounts of heat from the high latitudes toward the equator form large rotating gyres in the major ocean basins are driven by winds

are influenced by Coriolis effect form large rotating gyres in the major ocean basins are driven by winds

The principal reason that oil and water do not mix, even when shaken, is that oil molecules __________. are nonpolar whereas water molecules are polar are organic have a high heat capacity are smaller than water molecules have no latent heat

are nonpolar whereas water molecules are polar

Warm ocean currents ___. are warmer than 15 degrees Celsius are warmer than the surrounding water generally flow along the west coasts of continents generally flow from high latitudes towards the equator

are warmer than the surrounding water

Where is most of Earth's freshwater found? as ice at Earth's surface as ice below Earth's surface as liquid at Earth's surface as liquid below Earth's surface

as ice at earth's surface

The amount of energy that is necessary to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree C is the definition of: thermal capacity. boiling point elevation. latent heat of condensation. latent heat of evaporation. calorie.

calorie

The loss of heat from the ocean surface, resulting in a lowered temperature, causes ocean water to become __________. less saline less dense more oxygenated more acidic denser

denser

Equatorial currents that are part of the subtropical gyres flow ___. Equatorial counter currents between the gyres flow ___ . west to east; west to east west to east; east to west east to west; east to west east to west; west to east

east to west; west to east

Which process in the hydrologic cycle is most effective at increasing ocean salinity on a global scale? stream runoff melting glaciers evaporation river discharge precipitation

evaporation

In the demonstration, two objects were subjected to a flame from a lighter. The object that was filled with air __________ and the object that was filled with water __________. had no change; exploded exploded; exploded had no change; had no change exploded; had no change

exploded; had no change

Cool ocean currents ___. generally flow along the east coasts of continents are still warmer than the surrounding water generally flow from high latitudes towards the equator are cooler than 15 degrees C

generally flow from high latitudes towards the equator

The current in the northwestern part of the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre that transports warm water toward the North Atlantic is called the __________. Gulf Stream Canary Current North Atlantic Current North Equatorial Current Kuroshio Current

gulf stream

A large system of rotating ocean currents, usually driven by the major wind belts, is called a(n) __________. equatorial current eastern boundary current western boundary current northern or southern boundary current gyre

gyre

Consider a substance that has high heat capacity. As compared to a substance with low heat capacity, when an equal amount of heat is applied to both, the high heat capacity substance will __________. explode turn to a liquid become so viscous that it won't flow heat up much more slowly become more salty

heat up much more slowly

In comparison to most other liquids, the heat capacity of liquid water is: related to solvent concentration. higher than other liquids. a function of salinity. lower than other liquids. about the same as other liquids.

higher than other liquids

The transfer of water between the atmosphere, the oceans, and the continents is known as the: geologic cycle. closed cycle. hydrologic cycle. meteorological cycle. hydrobiological cycle.

hydrologic cycle.

The surface tension of water: is relatively low. is very similar in other liquids. is related to salinity. is relatively high. increases as density decreases.

is relatively high

The subtropical gyres ___. are only important because the currents affect ships crossing them drive the trade winds result from changes in water density (due to temperature and salt content) play a large role in climate

play a large role in climate

A layer in the ocean where a rapid change in ocean density occurs with a change in depth is called a: isocline. halocline. thermocline. barocline. pycnocline.

pycnocline.

Deep ocean currents ___. are primarily driven by wind patterns result from changes in water density (due to temperature and salt content) include deep water that rises in the North Atlantic and surface water that sinks in the Pacific and Indian Oceans

result from changes in water density (due to temperature and salt content)

In the Northern Hemisphere, the Ekman spiral moves layers of water to the _____ of the wind direction and Ekman transport (the overall direction of water movement) is to the _____. right; left left; right right; right left; left

right; right

Records indicate that the ocean is warming faster in the Arctic polar regions than elsewhere. If that continues, a possible consequence could be __________. acceleration of deep ocean circulation, resulting in lower carbon dioxide levels in deep water decreased humidity and precipitation in the Arctic region, resulting in aridity and the loss of boreal forests an increase in upwelling in the Arctic, resulting in increased surface biological productivity increased albedo in the polar areas, resulting in the cooling of nearby landmasses slowing of deep ocean circulation, resulting in lower oxygen levels in deep water

slowing of deep ocean circulation, resulting in lower oxygen levels in deep water

Thermohaline circulation in the ocean is driven primarily by differences in __________ and __________ among water masses. temperature; pH salinity; dissolved gas salinity; pH salinity; precipitation temperature; salinity

temperature; salinity

Which ocean is Earth's largest? the Pacific Ocean the Atlantic Ocean the Indian Ocean the Arctic Ocean

the Pacific ocean

The density of seawater is affected by salinity and temperature. True False

true