Material Culture Final Exam
objects
are contemporary material culture, provide information about what we are like and how we live now
environmental problems and damage
are mostly caused by cumulative actions of individuals
theory of the leisure class
as fast as a person makes new acquisitions, and becomes accustomed to a new standard of wealth, the new standard ceases to afford appreciably greater satisfaction than the earlier standard did
balinese strive to
avoid conflicts and resolutions and to maintain a steady state
four basic types of skills we need to express our creativity
capturing, challenging, broadening, surroundings
the conscience can punish the ego through what?
causing feelings of guilt
marketers create new luxuries by
changing fashions, intentionally limiting supplies, setting high prices for new innovations, producing serial collectibles, claiming new and improved technologies
a theory is a mode of explanation and interpretation that always
constructs connections
"cute" in japanese culture
consumer cultural phenomenon, seen in fashionable clothing and accessories, childish behavior and attitude, includes adulation of idol singers and talents, may be seen in pokemon
id
demands immediate satisfaction
rangdas role in the dance
evil spirits can enter people and make them act in self destructive or anti social ways, commanded by "leak" witch like spirits
sociological theory attempts to understand how institutions function in society regarding _____
family
theories of material culture
freudian psychoanalytic, semiotic, sociological, marxist
ascribed status may be based on
gender, age, status of family in which we were born
at a base level, economic decisions are driven by what?
greed, fear, and ego
semiotic theory approach to material culture
has the ability to interpret objects and artifacts, explains how objects tie in to cultural codes, explains how objects tie into socialization
myths are sacred narratives that
have an important role in shaping human behavior
an artifact may be classified as corresponding to what?
id, ego, superego
freudian psychoanalytic theory discusses
id, ego, superego
freuds structural hypothesis
id: pleasure principle with no regard for reality ego: attempts to avoid displeasure or pain superego: idealized self
manifest functions are
intended, of which we are conscious
semiotic approach
is from the greek semion (signs), studies life of signs within society, regards artifacts as signs whose meaning and significance have to be determined
belief in divine providence
justified an unequal distribution of wealth, gave great comfort to the ruling class as it justified their positions and lifestyles, determines our economic fate
artifacts word formation
latin: artis (skill in joining) facere (to make or do)
myths operate by validating what?
laws, customs, rites, institutions, beliefs
symbols must be _____
learned
four reasons to downsize from a larger home
less financial stress, less maintenance, more freedom, more comfort
george simmel believed that fashionable items
lose distinctiveness and are replaced
material culture is the world of things that people what?
make, purchase, or possess
according to _____ we develop strong emotional attachments to our possessions
marxism
conspicuous consumption
means by which men attempt to excel their neighbors and attain heightened self evaluation
achieved status may be based on _____
merits
rangda
mythical queen of the witches in bali and is locked into a never-ending battle with her nemesis barony
marxists say
needs are not real, they are artificially imposed by advertising agencies and marketers, we become convinced we need to purchase products to make us happy
is materialism positively or negatively identified?
negative
do marxists believer clothes we wear send messages to others about ourselves?
no
is there a current fashion war between lower class and elite fashions?
no
grid group theory
objects and services we buy and possess are culturally defined and best understood as being tied to our lifestyles
proletariat refers to
persons exploited by bourgeois/workers
both the crown jewels and kula objects were reported to be
possessed for the sake of possession itself
uses and gratification theory indicates artifacts may
provide beauty, diversion, distraction, allow us to imitate models we respect
In Roshomon, four different people give four different versions of what?
reality; and we wonder how do we know reality? how do we know truth?
freudian psychoanalytic theory allows us to analyze material culture in terms of the way artifacts
reflect various unconscious needs and desires and relates to our psychological makeup
materialism can be found in
rich countries, USA, developing countries, many countries regardless of economic status
charles sander pierce called his theory _____
semiotics
masks continued
serve as powerful statements about perception, change wearers face by exaggerating or concealing features, express shadow personality, embraced by many cultures
products sold in regular shaped containers
signify protection and security and enable them to escape the fear of chaos
a theory is an optic that focuses on what?
specific subject matter
a meme is an idea, behavior, or style that
spreads from person to person within a culture and acts as a unit for carrying cultural ideas, symbols, or practices
socialization
teaches roles for various situations, may be done improperly, behavior may be initialized by clothing and or other objects
what is true about material displayed in the artifacts lab?
temperature between 60-65 degrees, limit light exposure, rotate items in and out of the exhibit to reduce exposure over extended periods of time
ethos
the expression of a culturally standardized system of organization of the instincts and emotions of the individuals and suggests that balinese have an ethos, which can be described as a steady state
marshall mcluhan is known for popularizing what?
the global village and the medium is the message
mimetic desire
the way people imitate the desires of others
a _____ is a way of seeing
theory
why are the barong masks important?
they offer a way of gaining insights into balinese culture and personality
schismogenesis
to describe most cultures in which these intense rivalries and hostilities build up and reach climaxes
goals for sociology include
to know in order to predict in order to control
common characteristic of religious beliefs
two terms profane and sacred
an artifact may be considered on the _____ level. there may be _____ connected to the artifact
unconscious level; unrecognized symbolic meaning connected
marxism says that _____ leads to class conflict
unequal distribution of goods
emile durkheim indicated
we are 2 beings in 1, we are individuals and social beings, duality has consequences
masks
worn during dances, rites of passage, festivals, celebrations, serve as powerful symbols of identity and power, express complex beliefs often associated with deep convictions, serve as powerful statements about identity
is it vital for you to know the key buying motivations for your products or services?
yes
anthropology is a greek word that comes from
"logos" meaning words about "anthropo" meaning man or humans
an example of an icon is
a coin with an important persons face on it
SAD is
a condition where the internal clock may be thrown for a loop if it does not sense a burst of morning light
the primary factor leading people focus attention on purchases is _____
alienation
culture is a collective name for what?
all behavior patterns socially acquired and transmitted by the means of symbols
balinese state of mind
animists and believe in supernatural forces, but always living in a state of tension and anxiety as the battle between good and evil continues