Material Fallacy Review

Selective Evidence

The error of only referring to evidence that supports you hypothesis

Black and White

The mistake of not allowing for any other choices between two extremes

Special Case

This fallacy is when one argues that because something is true in a specific example, therefore it is true in general

Slanting

This fallacy is when one assumes something that one should actually prove

Slogans

This fallacy occurs when a catchy or well-known phrase or expression is used as a substitute for a true argument

Quoting out of context

This fallacy occurs when one quotes another without including relevant context and consequently misrepresents the speaker or misuses his words

Hasty Generalization

This fallacy occurs when one too quickly moves from specific examples to a generalization

False Analogy

This fallacy occurs when one uses a poor analogy or misuses a good analogy by trying to make it prove something it does not

Equivocation

This fallacy occurs when the same term is used in 2 or more different senses in the course of an argument

Contradictory Premise

This is self-contradiction in one's own premises

Hyperbole

This is the over-exaggeration of the situation or another person's claim

Od Ignorantium

This is to argue that an idea must be true because we do not know that it is NOT true

Straw Man

This is when one "refutes" an unfairly diluted version of one's opponent's actual argument

Accent

This occurs when there is ambiguity caused not by the words themselves but by the way they are spoken

Dicti Simplisater

To apply a general principle to a specific case without acknowledging a possible exception

Complex Question

To ask a question that cannot be answered without begging a question (assuming something to be true)

Ad Baculum

To convince someone using fear rather than reason

Non Sequitor

To draw a conclusion that does not follow at all from the premises or evidence guven

Ignorantio Elenchi

To give reasons that prove a different conclusion than the one actually given

Ad Verecundium

To make an illegitimate appeal to an authority instead of constructing a real argument

Post Hoc

To mistakenly conclude that simply because one thing (A) preceded another (B), it actually caused the second thing (B)

Ad Misericordium

To try to convince a person with pity rather than reason

Ad Populum

When one claims that something is true or good simply because many people believe or do it

Ad Hominem

When one makes a personal attack rather than arguing the issue itself