Material Fallacy Review
Selective Evidence
The error of only referring to evidence that supports you hypothesis
Black and White
The mistake of not allowing for any other choices between two extremes
Special Case
This fallacy is when one argues that because something is true in a specific example, therefore it is true in general
Slanting
This fallacy is when one assumes something that one should actually prove
Slogans
This fallacy occurs when a catchy or well-known phrase or expression is used as a substitute for a true argument
Quoting out of context
This fallacy occurs when one quotes another without including relevant context and consequently misrepresents the speaker or misuses his words
Hasty Generalization
This fallacy occurs when one too quickly moves from specific examples to a generalization
False Analogy
This fallacy occurs when one uses a poor analogy or misuses a good analogy by trying to make it prove something it does not
Equivocation
This fallacy occurs when the same term is used in 2 or more different senses in the course of an argument
Contradictory Premise
This is self-contradiction in one's own premises
Hyperbole
This is the over-exaggeration of the situation or another person's claim
Od Ignorantium
This is to argue that an idea must be true because we do not know that it is NOT true
Straw Man
This is when one "refutes" an unfairly diluted version of one's opponent's actual argument
Accent
This occurs when there is ambiguity caused not by the words themselves but by the way they are spoken
Dicti Simplisater
To apply a general principle to a specific case without acknowledging a possible exception
Complex Question
To ask a question that cannot be answered without begging a question (assuming something to be true)
Ad Baculum
To convince someone using fear rather than reason
Non Sequitor
To draw a conclusion that does not follow at all from the premises or evidence guven
Ignorantio Elenchi
To give reasons that prove a different conclusion than the one actually given
Ad Verecundium
To make an illegitimate appeal to an authority instead of constructing a real argument
Post Hoc
To mistakenly conclude that simply because one thing (A) preceded another (B), it actually caused the second thing (B)
Ad Misericordium
To try to convince a person with pity rather than reason
Ad Populum
When one claims that something is true or good simply because many people believe or do it
Ad Hominem
When one makes a personal attack rather than arguing the issue itself