Math Vocab for 1st Quarter Exam

whole numbers

0,1,2,3,4,5,6.....

natural numbers

1,2,3,4,5,6,.....

multiplicative inverses

2 numbers whose product is 1

inequality symbols

>, <, ≥ ,≤

complementary

Two angles that add up to 90°

algebraic expression

a collection of numbers, variables, operation symbols, and grouping symbols

set

a collection of objects

exponential notation

a compact form of writing repeated multiplication

linear equation in one variable

a linear equation in one varicale can be written in the form ax+b=c, where a, b, and c are real numbers and a is unequal to 0

equation

a mathematical statement where two expressions have equal value

square matrix

a matrix with the same number or rows and columns

composite numbers

a natural number that is not prime

prime numbers

a natural number whose factors are 1 and itself

Term

a number or the product of a number and variables raised to powers

number line

a picture which helps use visualize distance and other relationships between numbers

fraction

a quotient of two integers

matrix

a rectangular array of numbers placed in rows and columns

Counter Example

a specific example of the falsity of a statement

mathematical statement

a statement written using numbers and mathematical symbols

variable

a symbol used to represent a number

solving/solution

a value for the variable that makes the equation true

real numbers

all numbers that correspond to points on the number line

formula

an equation that describes a known relationship

exponential expression

an expression using exponents

member or element

an object in a set

grouping symbols

braces { }, brackets [ ], and parentheses ( )

equivalent proportions

equivalent equations are equations that have the same solution

evaluate the algebraic expression

find the numerical value of an expression once we know the value of the variables

equivalent fractions

fractions with common denominators

addition property of equality

if a, b, and a+ c=b+c are equivalent equations

multiplication property of equality

if a, b, and c are real numbers, then a+ b and a+c+b*c are equivalent equations

factors

in a statement 3*5=15, 3 and 5 are the factors

reciprocal (multiplicative inverse)

numbers (fractions) whose products are 1

rational numbers

numbers which can be represented a a quotient of integers

irrational numbers

numbers which cannot be represented as a quotient of integers

integers

positive, negative, zero, no decimal or fraction

combing like terms

simplifying the sum or difference of like terms by adding the numerical coefficients and multiplying the result by the common variables factors

equal symbol

symbol =, means equal to

unlike terms

terms that are not like terms

like terms

terms with the same variables raised to the same powers

absolute value

the absolute value of a real number a, denoted, |a|, is the distance between a 0 and the number line

markup

the amount added to the price of an item

percent decrease

the amount an item has decreased based on the original cost of the item

percent increase

the amount an item has increased, based on the original cost of the item

product

the answer to a multiplication problem

denominator

the bottom number in a fraction

discount

the deduction of an amount from the original price of an item

order of m * n

the number of m, rows, and n, columns, in a matrix

elements

the numbers inside the brackets of a matrix

numerical coefficient

the numerical factor of a term Ex: 3x=3

solving

the process of finding a solution for the variables in an equation

undefined

the quotient of any nonzero number and 0 is undefined

exponent

the small number on to of the whole number

least common denominator

the smallest common denominator for two fractions

numerator

the top number in a fraction

base

the whole number in an exponent

supplement

two angles that add up to 180°

opposite/additive inverse

two numbers that are the same distance from 0 but lie on opposite sides of 0

lowest terms

when the numerator of denominator in a fraction have no factors in common other than 1

simplified

when the numerator or denominator in a fraction have no factors in common other than 1