Math Vocab for 1st Quarter Exam
whole numbers
0,1,2,3,4,5,6.....
natural numbers
1,2,3,4,5,6,.....
multiplicative inverses
2 numbers whose product is 1
inequality symbols
>, <, ≥ ,≤
complementary
Two angles that add up to 90°
algebraic expression
a collection of numbers, variables, operation symbols, and grouping symbols
set
a collection of objects
exponential notation
a compact form of writing repeated multiplication
linear equation in one variable
a linear equation in one varicale can be written in the form ax+b=c, where a, b, and c are real numbers and a is unequal to 0
equation
a mathematical statement where two expressions have equal value
square matrix
a matrix with the same number or rows and columns
composite numbers
a natural number that is not prime
prime numbers
a natural number whose factors are 1 and itself
Term
a number or the product of a number and variables raised to powers
number line
a picture which helps use visualize distance and other relationships between numbers
fraction
a quotient of two integers
matrix
a rectangular array of numbers placed in rows and columns
Counter Example
a specific example of the falsity of a statement
mathematical statement
a statement written using numbers and mathematical symbols
variable
a symbol used to represent a number
solving/solution
a value for the variable that makes the equation true
real numbers
all numbers that correspond to points on the number line
formula
an equation that describes a known relationship
exponential expression
an expression using exponents
member or element
an object in a set
grouping symbols
braces { }, brackets [ ], and parentheses ( )
equivalent proportions
equivalent equations are equations that have the same solution
evaluate the algebraic expression
find the numerical value of an expression once we know the value of the variables
equivalent fractions
fractions with common denominators
addition property of equality
if a, b, and a+ c=b+c are equivalent equations
multiplication property of equality
if a, b, and c are real numbers, then a+ b and a+c+b*c are equivalent equations
factors
in a statement 3*5=15, 3 and 5 are the factors
reciprocal (multiplicative inverse)
numbers (fractions) whose products are 1
rational numbers
numbers which can be represented a a quotient of integers
irrational numbers
numbers which cannot be represented as a quotient of integers
integers
positive, negative, zero, no decimal or fraction
combing like terms
simplifying the sum or difference of like terms by adding the numerical coefficients and multiplying the result by the common variables factors
equal symbol
symbol =, means equal to
unlike terms
terms that are not like terms
like terms
terms with the same variables raised to the same powers
absolute value
the absolute value of a real number a, denoted, |a|, is the distance between a 0 and the number line
markup
the amount added to the price of an item
percent decrease
the amount an item has decreased based on the original cost of the item
percent increase
the amount an item has increased, based on the original cost of the item
product
the answer to a multiplication problem
denominator
the bottom number in a fraction
discount
the deduction of an amount from the original price of an item
order of m * n
the number of m, rows, and n, columns, in a matrix
elements
the numbers inside the brackets of a matrix
numerical coefficient
the numerical factor of a term Ex: 3x=3
solving
the process of finding a solution for the variables in an equation
undefined
the quotient of any nonzero number and 0 is undefined
exponent
the small number on to of the whole number
least common denominator
the smallest common denominator for two fractions
numerator
the top number in a fraction
base
the whole number in an exponent
supplement
two angles that add up to 180°
opposite/additive inverse
two numbers that are the same distance from 0 but lie on opposite sides of 0
lowest terms
when the numerator of denominator in a fraction have no factors in common other than 1
simplified
when the numerator or denominator in a fraction have no factors in common other than 1