Med Surg Chapter 40
Approximately _____ mg of calcium daily is essential to maintain adult bone mass.
1000 to 1200
In the human body, there are ___ bones.
206
The approximate percentage of total body calcium present in the bones is.
98%
A patient is scheduled for a procedure that will allow the physician to visualize the knee joint in order to diagnose the patient pain. What procedure will the nurse prepare the patient for?
Arthroscopy
A patient tells the physician about shoulder pain that is present even without any strenuous movement. The physician identifies a sac filled with synovial fluid. What condition should the nurse educate the patient about?
Bursitis
The nurse is caring for a pregnant patient with pregnancy induced hypertension. When assessing the reflexes in the ankle, the nurse observes rhythmic contractions of the muscle when dorsiflexing the foot. What would the nurse document this finding as?
Clonus
____ describes the grafting, crackling sound hardcover irregular joint surface.
Crepitus
A patient has a stroke and is unable to move the right upper and lower extremities. During assessment the nurse picks up the arm and it is limp and without tone. How would the nurse document this finding?
Flaccidity
The major hormonal regulators of calcium homeostasis are ____ & ____.
Parathyroid hormone, Calcitonin
What is the process of fracture healing, including the three stages of progression?
Phase 1, reactive phase Phase II, reparaive phase Phase III , remodeling
A patient has a fracture of the right femur sustained in an automobile accident. What process of fracture healing does the nurse understand will occur with this patient?
Reactive phase, reparative phase, remodeling phase
A patient has a fracture that is being treated with open rigid compression plate fixation devices. How will the progress of bone healing be monitored?
Serial X-rays
A patient tells the nurse "I was working out and lifting weights and now that I have stopped, I am flabby and my muscles have gone! What is the best response by the nurse?
Your muscles were in a state of hypertrophy from the weight lifting, but it will persist only if the exerciseis continued
How does vitamin D regulate the balance between bone formation and bone reabsorption?
Increases calcium in blood by promoting calcium absorption from the gastrointestinal tract and by accelerating the mobilization of calcium from the bone.
What is the difference between kyphosis, lordosis and scoliosis?
Kyphosis increase in the convex curvature of the thoracic spine, Lordosis increase in concave curvature of the lumbar spine, Scoliosis lateral curving of the spine.
What is the difference between isotonic & isometric contractions?
iDuring isometric contraction , almost all of the energy is released in the form of heat; during isotonic contraction, some of the energies expended in mechanical work. in some situation the need to generate heat is the primary stimulus for muscle contraction
A patient is having repeated tears of the joint capsule in the shoulder, and the physician orders an arthrogram. What intervention should the nurse provide after the procedure is completed?
Apply a compress bandage to the area Administer a mild analgesics Inform the patient that the clicking or crackling noise in the joint may be persistent for a couple of days.
The leading cause of musculoskeletal related disability in the U.S is.
Arthritis
Median
Prick the top or distal surface of the index finger
Red bone marrow is located in the shaft four long and flat bones: The ___.______. &_____, _______.
Sternum, Ilium, Vertebrae, Ribs
The nurse is performing an assessment on an older adult patient and observes the patient has an increasef forward curvature of the thoracic spine. What does the nurse understand this common finding is known as?
kyphosis
What are the differences in the function of osteoblasts, Osteocytes, and osteoclast?
Osteoblast function in the bone formation by secreting bone matrix. The matrix consist of collagen, and ground substance that provide a framework in which inorganic minerals salts are deposited. These minerals are primarily composed of calcium and phosphorus. Osteocytes are mature bone cells involved in bone maintenance, They are located in lacunae. Osteoclasts, located in shallow how ships lacunae.
The nurse is performing an assessment for a patient who may have peripheral neurovascular dysfunction. What signs does the patient present with that indicates circulation is impaired?
Pale, cyanotic, mottled color Cool temperatures of the extremities More than 3 seconds capillary refill
A patient comes to the clinic and informs the nurse of numbness, tingling, and a burning sensation in the arm from the elbow down to fingers. What type of symptom would this be documented as?
Paresthesia
Ulnar
Prick the distal fat pad of the small finger
Tibial
Prick the medial and lateral surface of the sole
Peroneal
Prick the skin midway between the great and second toe
Radial
Prick the skin midway between the thumb and second finger
What are the general functions of the musculoskeletal system?
Provides protection for vital organs, including the brain, heart and lungs. It provides a sturdy framework to support the body structures, and makes mobility possible
After a bone density test, an older adult female patient tells the nurse , I don't understand why i have Osteoporosis because I eat well and take my calcium. What does the nurse understand is the reason that the patient may have osteoporosis?
The loss is from withdrawal of estrogen and a decrease in activity levels.
The nurse assesses soft subcutaneous nodules along the line of the tendons in a patients hand and wrist. What does this finding indicate to the nurse?
The patient has rheumatoid arthritis
What is the role of the sex hormones testosterone and estrogen on bone remodeling?
The sex hormones testosterone and estrogen have important effects on bone remodeling. Estrogen stimulates osteoblast and inhibits osteoclasts; therefore , bone formation is enhanced and resorption is inhibited. Testosterone has both direct and indirect effects on bone growth formation.
