MED TERM CHAPTER 12 (Nervous System and Mental Health)

Function of the nervous system

- Coordinates and controls body functions - Receives sensory input - Makes decisions - Orders body response

TOUGH outer fibrous sac around CNS: _____ mater

Dura

which of the following conditions is characterized by fine tremors, muscle rigidity, and a shuffling gait

Parkinsons disease

SOFT inner layer of meninges: ______ mater

Pia

nerve block

a type of regional anesthesia

meningocele

a type of spina bifida

analegesia

absence of pain

which type of seizure is also called a petit mal seizure?

absence seizure

hydrocephalus

accumulation of CSF in the ventricles (brain)

which layer of the meniniges forms weblike filaments

arachnoid layer

1 projection from nerve cell body that conducts impulse; may be myelinated or unmyelinated

axon

a nerve is a bundle of ________ carrying messages between the central nervous system and various parts of the body

axons

cerebral palsy

brain damage that occurs around birth

midbrain + pons + medulla oblongata

brainstem

brain + spinal cord; ____________ nervous system

central

which part of the brain coordinates with voluntary body movements and maintains balance?

cerebellum

"largest portion of brain divided into 4 lobes; thoughts/judgments/memory/speech/sight

cerebrum

anencephaly

congenital, portions of the brain do not develop

medulla oblongata

connects brain to spinal cord

the condition of being awake and alert to one's surroundings is called

conscious

brainstem

contains pons and medulla oblongata

diencephalon

contains thalamus and thypothalamus

brain function (NS)

coordinates body functions

cerebellum

coordinates voluntary body movements

highly branched structures of neuron that receives impulse

dendrite

thalamus + hypothalamus

diencephalon

neuropathy

disease or damage to a nerve

Bell's palsy

facial paralysis

syncopy

fainting

A psychologist is a physician specializing in treating mental disorders (T or F)

false

A tractotomy is a surgical procedure used to drain excess cerebrospinal fluid from the brain and shunt it toward the abdominal cavity (T or F)

false

Sensory nerves carry commands to muscles and glands (T or F)

false

Shingles consists of painful blisters along the spinal cord (T or F)

false

myelin

fatty substance that insulates

tonic-clonic

grand mal seizure

which of the following terms describes the elevated portions or convolutions, on the surface of the cerebellum

gyri

brain scan

image of brain using radioactive isotopes

dementia

impaired intellectual function

which surgical procedure removes part of a vertebra to relieve pressure on a spinal nerve?

laminectomy

multiple sclerosis

loss of myelin sheath around the nerves

contains nucleus and organelles of neuron: ________ cell body

nerve

which of the following diagnostic tests measures how fast an impulse travels along a nerve?

nerve conduction velocity

guilllain-barre syndrome

nerves lose their myelin cover

dementia is an example of what category of mental disorder?

neurocognitive disorders

astrocytoma

neuroglial cell tumor

which of the following statements regarding neuroglial cells is NOT true?

neuroglial cells conduct electrical impulses

nerve cell that does not conduct electrical impulses: _____________ cells

neuroglill

chemical messenger that allows electrical impulse to cross synaptic cleft

neurotransmitter

paraplegia

paralysis of the lower part of the body

rest and digest response of ANS: generally lower heart rate, BP, stimulate digestion: ___________ nervous system

parasympathetic

the medical term for an abnormal sensation such as burning or tingling is

paresthesia

cranial nerves + spinal nerves: __________ nervous system

peripheral

coma

profound unconsciousness

which type of anesthesia is also known as a nerve block?

regional

laminectomy

removal of part of a vertebra

chronic traumatic encephalopathy

repeated severe blows to the head

tonic-clonic seizure

severe seizure, loss of consiousness

control of voluntary functions; sensory receptors in skin motor; commands to skeletal muscles: ____________ nerves

somatic

which of the following is one of the two main components of the central nervous system

spinal cord

what condition is the collection of blood within the meninges

subdural hematoma

fight or flight response of ANS: generally increases heart rate, airway dilation, BP, adrenaline (slow digestion):

sympathetic nervous system

myelography

taking an X-ray of the spinal cord

which part of the brain serves as a center for relating impulses from the eyes, ears, and skin to the cerebrum?

thalamus

nerves function (NS)

transmit messages to and from the central nervous system

spinal cord function (NS)

transmits messages to and from the brain

involuntary, repetitive, alternating movement of a body part is called

tremor

A convulsion is the alternation between involuntary muscle contractions and relaxations (T or F)

true

An aura is an unusual sensation that occurs before a seizure (T or F)

true

Symptoms of a migraine include severe head pain, nausea, and sensitivity to light (T or F)

true

The brain contains four interconnected cavities called ventricles (T or F)

true

The term myelogram means a record of the spinal cord (T or F)

true

a person with explosive disorder is prone to extreme rages (T or F)

true

cavities in brain containing CSF; protection shock/sudden movement

ventricles

nervous tissue that is myelinated (covered in a sheath of myelin): __________ matter

white