MED TERM CHAPTER 12 (Nervous System and Mental Health)
Function of the nervous system
- Coordinates and controls body functions - Receives sensory input - Makes decisions - Orders body response
TOUGH outer fibrous sac around CNS: _____ mater
Dura
which of the following conditions is characterized by fine tremors, muscle rigidity, and a shuffling gait
Parkinsons disease
SOFT inner layer of meninges: ______ mater
Pia
nerve block
a type of regional anesthesia
meningocele
a type of spina bifida
analegesia
absence of pain
which type of seizure is also called a petit mal seizure?
absence seizure
hydrocephalus
accumulation of CSF in the ventricles (brain)
which layer of the meniniges forms weblike filaments
arachnoid layer
1 projection from nerve cell body that conducts impulse; may be myelinated or unmyelinated
axon
a nerve is a bundle of ________ carrying messages between the central nervous system and various parts of the body
axons
cerebral palsy
brain damage that occurs around birth
midbrain + pons + medulla oblongata
brainstem
brain + spinal cord; ____________ nervous system
central
which part of the brain coordinates with voluntary body movements and maintains balance?
cerebellum
"largest portion of brain divided into 4 lobes; thoughts/judgments/memory/speech/sight
cerebrum
anencephaly
congenital, portions of the brain do not develop
medulla oblongata
connects brain to spinal cord
the condition of being awake and alert to one's surroundings is called
conscious
brainstem
contains pons and medulla oblongata
diencephalon
contains thalamus and thypothalamus
brain function (NS)
coordinates body functions
cerebellum
coordinates voluntary body movements
highly branched structures of neuron that receives impulse
dendrite
thalamus + hypothalamus
diencephalon
neuropathy
disease or damage to a nerve
Bell's palsy
facial paralysis
syncopy
fainting
A psychologist is a physician specializing in treating mental disorders (T or F)
false
A tractotomy is a surgical procedure used to drain excess cerebrospinal fluid from the brain and shunt it toward the abdominal cavity (T or F)
false
Sensory nerves carry commands to muscles and glands (T or F)
false
Shingles consists of painful blisters along the spinal cord (T or F)
false
myelin
fatty substance that insulates
tonic-clonic
grand mal seizure
which of the following terms describes the elevated portions or convolutions, on the surface of the cerebellum
gyri
brain scan
image of brain using radioactive isotopes
dementia
impaired intellectual function
which surgical procedure removes part of a vertebra to relieve pressure on a spinal nerve?
laminectomy
multiple sclerosis
loss of myelin sheath around the nerves
contains nucleus and organelles of neuron: ________ cell body
nerve
which of the following diagnostic tests measures how fast an impulse travels along a nerve?
nerve conduction velocity
guilllain-barre syndrome
nerves lose their myelin cover
dementia is an example of what category of mental disorder?
neurocognitive disorders
astrocytoma
neuroglial cell tumor
which of the following statements regarding neuroglial cells is NOT true?
neuroglial cells conduct electrical impulses
nerve cell that does not conduct electrical impulses: _____________ cells
neuroglill
chemical messenger that allows electrical impulse to cross synaptic cleft
neurotransmitter
paraplegia
paralysis of the lower part of the body
rest and digest response of ANS: generally lower heart rate, BP, stimulate digestion: ___________ nervous system
parasympathetic
the medical term for an abnormal sensation such as burning or tingling is
paresthesia
cranial nerves + spinal nerves: __________ nervous system
peripheral
coma
profound unconsciousness
which type of anesthesia is also known as a nerve block?
regional
laminectomy
removal of part of a vertebra
chronic traumatic encephalopathy
repeated severe blows to the head
tonic-clonic seizure
severe seizure, loss of consiousness
control of voluntary functions; sensory receptors in skin motor; commands to skeletal muscles: ____________ nerves
somatic
which of the following is one of the two main components of the central nervous system
spinal cord
what condition is the collection of blood within the meninges
subdural hematoma
fight or flight response of ANS: generally increases heart rate, airway dilation, BP, adrenaline (slow digestion):
sympathetic nervous system
myelography
taking an X-ray of the spinal cord
which part of the brain serves as a center for relating impulses from the eyes, ears, and skin to the cerebrum?
thalamus
nerves function (NS)
transmit messages to and from the central nervous system
spinal cord function (NS)
transmits messages to and from the brain
involuntary, repetitive, alternating movement of a body part is called
tremor
A convulsion is the alternation between involuntary muscle contractions and relaxations (T or F)
true
An aura is an unusual sensation that occurs before a seizure (T or F)
true
Symptoms of a migraine include severe head pain, nausea, and sensitivity to light (T or F)
true
The brain contains four interconnected cavities called ventricles (T or F)
true
The term myelogram means a record of the spinal cord (T or F)
true
a person with explosive disorder is prone to extreme rages (T or F)
true
cavities in brain containing CSF; protection shock/sudden movement
ventricles
nervous tissue that is myelinated (covered in a sheath of myelin): __________ matter
white