Med Terms: Neurology Unit

The medulla oblongata contains the ____________ centers.

Respiratory

Which type of cell produces the myelin covering around larger axons in the brain and spinal cord?

Schwann cells

Which nerves carry nerve impulses away from the spinal cord?

Sensory/Afferent Neuron

The olfactory nerve controls what function?

Smells (Sensory).

A traumatic injury to the neck and spinal cord can result in.....?

Spinal Cord Injury

Name the parts of the central nervous system?

Spinal Cord, Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Ventricles, Brain Stem, and cerebellum.

What is the purpose of the parasympathetic nervous system?

"Rest and Digest"

Paralysis on one side of the body is known as....

Bell's Palsy

The finger‐to‐nose test is a test of.....?

Coordination

The middle layer of the meninges that surrounds the brain and the spinal cord is known as the....

Arachnoid

These cells of the nervous system are star shaped and keep harmful substances from entering the brain.......

Astrocytes

Which is a neurologic test in which the end of the metal handle of the percussion hammer is used to firmly stroke the outside of the foot from the heel to the toes?

Babinski's sign

The central nervous system consists of the ____________.

Brain and Spinal Cord

The combining form affer/o‐ means:

Bring toward the center.

A head injury that bruises the brain but causes no loss of consciousness is called a ____________.

Concussion/ Contusion

The frontal lobe of the brain is responsible for what functions?

Conscious thought and intelligence, Predicting future events, Benefits/Consequences of actions, Conscious voluntary control of skeletal muscles, and Speech Center (left frontal lobe).

The hypothalamus is.....?

Controls center of the peripheral nervous system, heart and respiratory rate along with temperature control (Autonomic), hormones, emotions, and sex drive (limbic system).

The somatic nervous system is what.....

Controls voluntary movement of skeletal muscles

The ____________ is the only connection between the right and left hemispheres.

Corpus Callosum

What are the functions of the parasympathetic nervous system?

Decreases blood pressure, heart and metabolic rate, Contract the bladder for urination, and Causes the secretion of saliva, digestive enzymes, and insulin.

Name and describe the three layers of the meninges, beginning with the outermost layer next to the cranial bones.

Dura Mater - Tough fiberous connective tissue; lines the skull Arachnoid - Spider web appearance Pia Mater - Covers brain; held together with connective tissue

What is an EEG?

Electroencephalogram/Electroencephalograph

Which neurotransmitter is the body's own natural pain reliever?

Endorphin

In this condition, excessive cerebrospinal fluid causes intracranial pressure to increase, distending the ventri‐ cles of the brain and compressing brain tissue.

Hydrocephalus

Which part of the brain regulates body temperature, sensations of hunger and thirst, and the circadian (24‐ hour) rhythm of the body?

Hypothalamus

Cerebral palsy is caused by.....

Lack of oxygen to parts of a fetus's brain

The cerebrum is .........?

Largest, most obvious part of the brain. Divided into left and right hemispheres, along with 4 lobes.

The many pairs of cranial nerves are numbered how?

Location or Function

Because of close living quarters in a dormitory, lack of sleep, and other factors, this infection can spread rapidly among college students.

Meningitis

Brief, involuntary episodes of falling asleep are known as ____________.

Narcolepsy

The ____________ is the functional unit of the nervous system?

Neuron

The combining form alg/o‐ means?

Pain

The part of the nervous system that is active when the body is at rest is the......?

Parasympathetic

What is a chronic, degenerative disease due to an imbalance in the levels of the neurotransmitters dopamine and acetylcholine in the brain?

Parkinson's disease

The thalamus does what?

Part of the limbic system (emotions, motivations, pleasure)

The cell body of a neuron sends the electrical impulse to the.....

Receptor

Describe the process of nerve transmission.

Travels from a neuron all the way down to the receptor

The combining form dendr/o‐ means:

Tree?

Spinal traction with metal tongs in the skull is used to help a fracture of the ____________ heal correctly.

Vertebra

When the patient experienced trauma to the occipital lobe of the brain, his sense of ____________ was affected.

Vision