Medical Ethics
Clinical (therapeutic) biomedical research: a) is undertaken together with patient care b) has no benefit for the subject involved c) is performed without informed consent of the patient d) is performed without reviewing by ethical committees
a)
Ethics can be: a) descriptive, normative, medical, professional b) proscriptive, prescriptive, inscriptive, c) professional, medical, psychological d) normative, taxative, prospective
a)
Find the CORRECT sentence in the charter of rights of hospitalized children (UNICEF): a) children should be admitted to a hospital only, if the required care cannot be granted at home b) children in hospital cannot have their parents constantly with them c) children should be nursed together with adults d) the hospital staff should not ensure the continuity of health care
a)
Interference to stimulate human reproduction is: a) artificial insemination (fecundation) b) sterilization c) artificial termination of pregnancy d) anticonception
a)
Landmarks of the era of Bioethics include: a) bioethical issues of gene theory, genetics b) industrial revolution in Europe c) development of new methods of microscopy d) bioethical dilemmas of pathology
a)
Principle of Hippocratic Oath - find one CORRECT: a) benefit of the sick person b) informed consent of the patient c) principle of Global ethics d) self-determination of the patient and physician
a)
Some rank virtues of physicians: a) spotlessness, rank honour, honesty, diligence, willingness b) apathy, carelessness, corruption, cruelty, ingratitude c) forbearance, broadmindedness, kindness, patience, rudeness d) selfishness, self gratification, irresponsibility, laziness
a)
The Hippocrates`s concept of medicine declares: a) the Oath of the doctor to Gods (Hypnos and Thanatos) b) interests of health care are dependant upon government policy c) interests of patients are above the interests of physicians d) a public promise to pray to Gods regularly
a)
The Hippocratic medicine was practiced by: a) a group of professional physicians bound by a strict ethical code b) a group of pathologists in the same location c) a group of students without a teacher d) all citizens of Kos, Ancient Greece
a)
The World Medical Association`s (WMA`s) third task was: a) to adopt the Declaration of Helsinki (1997-2000) b) to ensure the independence of physicians c) to update the Hippocratic Oath for modern use d) to achieve the highest standards of ethical behaviour in medical care
a)
The consent of mentally incompetent persons (children, psychiatric and elderly patients) is given: a) by legal representatives/guardians b) by the doctor-examiner c) by court d) by medical ethical committee
a)
The donor for artificial insemination: a) must not be the relative person (kin) to the woman-acceptor b) should be under 18 years old c) should be European only d) should not have his own children
a)
The first activities against experiments on animals were realized: a) In the 19th century in England and France b) in the 20th century in USA c) in the 19th century in Russia d) in the 20th century in England and France
a)
The first experiments on animals were described: a) in Corpus Hippocraticum b) by Galen c) by Vesalius d) by Harvey
a)
The most important International conventions and declarations: the Declaration of Helsinki (WMA): a) contains recommendations on Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects b) was developed in 1957 c) was signed by J. Stalin (USSR) d) was influenced by Japan experiments on humans in China
a)
There are two types of artificial insemination: a) artificial insemination by husband, artificial insemination by donor b) instant insemination, prolonged insemination c) therapeutic insemination, non-therapeutic insemination d) insemination of a woman-acceptor, insemination of a surrogate woman
a)
What is CORRECT for global ethics principle? a) no dialogue between the religions without global ethical standards b) no peace among the nations without political concurrence c) no mankind survival without a global religion d) the differences between religions are acceptable in some countries
a)
What is CORRECT of Hippocrates by the Hippocratic Oath? a) he has sworn to the benefit of the sick b) he has sworn to the Gods c) he was not against euthanasia d) he discriminated between free persons and slaves
a)
What is beneficiencia (beneficialness)? a) a requirement to do maximal good for the welfare of an ill or healthy person b) respectability of the patient c) no discrimination of patients by gender, race, religion d) a requirement for exclusion of any damage of health
a)
Which are the two fields of neuroethics? a) ethics of neuroscience and neuroscience of ethics b) biomedicine and thanatology c) ethics in neurology and ethics in psychiatry d) ethics in neurosurgery and ethics in neuroanatomy
a)
Which is the main idea of global ethics? a) people of all religions know far too little about one another b) people need a global religion c) people need the global economy development d) no peace without introducing of global language
a)
After taking the Hippocratic Oath the graduate student has a right: a) to become a professor assistant b) to treat patients c) to prepare drugs independently d) to perform an autopsy
b)
Artificial insemination is: a) the method of in vitro fertilization b) the production of pregnancy in a woman by introducing seminal fluid directly into the cervix of uterus by means of cannula c) undertaken together with patient care d) the application of genetically engineered plants and microorganisms
b)
Dilemmatic situation which is NOT IN RELATION to basic ethical principles (e.g. beneficialness vs autonomy): a) the patient wants to undergo surgical operation b) the patient refused a life saving treatment and subsequently fell into a coma c) the patient refuses an autopsy after death d) the patient asks the doctor for euthanasia
b)
Ethical requirements to the medical profession - find ONE CORRECT: a) intolerance b) solidarity (with patients and relatives) c) paternalism d) antipathy
b)
Ethics committees in biomedical research: a) perform the research independently b) serve as review bodies of proposed research projects c) prevent global catastrophic consequences of climate changes d) provide tests for absence of chronic diseases in human patients
b)
Ethics is a: a) psychological science b) philosophical science on morality c) science about behaviour and reflexes of an individual d) synonym of "etiquette"
b)
Global ethics is: a) the same as environmental ethics b) a new vision of a global transformation of ethical awareness c) a new method of global warming investigation d) a science of global economy advantages
b)
Human rights in health care - find the CORRECT declaration: a) children`s rights are inferior to the rights of adults b) everyone has the right to respect of his or her person as a human being c) everyone has the right to receive the same basal health care d) everyone has the duty to pay for health care procedures
b)
Improved laboratory animals used around the turn of 19th and 20th century were: a) AB - artificially bred animals b) GF - germ free animals c) NB - naturally bred animals d) SP - special pathogenic animals
b)
In vitro embryo has a complicated ethical status depending on its: a) mortality b) age of gestation c) viability. d) gender
b)
Interference to limit human reproduction is: a) embryo transfer (ET) b) anticonception c) artificial insemination (fecundation) d) in vitro fertilization (IVF)
b)
Medical ethics has: a) 3+1 basic principles b) 4+1 basic principles c) 6 basic principles d) 8 basic principles
b)
Name 5 children of Asclepius and Epiona: a) Hygieia, Apollo, Panacea, Machaon, Hippocrates b) Hygieia, Panacea, Machaon, Podaleirios, Telesforos c) Hygieia, Dimitrios, Machaon, Podaleirios, Telesforos d) Hygieia, Apollo, Dimitrios, Panacea, Hippocrates
b)
Neuroethics has the following key issue: a) brain death b) neuroscience and free will c) physiology of reflexes d) vegetative state (coma vigile)
b)
Non-clinical (non-therapeutic) biomedical research: a) is undertaken together with patient care b) has no benefit for the subject involved c) is performed without informed consent of the patient d) is performed without reviewing by ethical committees
b)
Normative ethics is a collection of: a) principles of human brain functioning b) rules and principles about evaluation of human behaviour c) rules of psychiatric patient behaviour d) rules and principles of etiquette
b)
Reproduction - some religions (e.g. Roman Catholic Church) a) totally outlaw artificial insemination by husband (AIH) b) totally outlaw artificial insemination by donor (AID) c) accept artificial insemination by donor (AID) d) have no legal or ethical problems with artificial abortions
b)
Rights of patients - consent - find the CORRECT declaration: a) the dialogue between the religions is based on global ethical standards b) ethical decision is an inseparable part of medical practice c) the informed consent of the patient is a prerequisite for any medical intervention d) in making decisions, it is helpful to know what other physicians would do in similar situations
b)
Study of morality means: a) analysis of interaction between two persons b) careful and systematic reflection on and analysis of moral decisions c) study of law and government regulations d) investigation of literature in medicine
b)
The Declaration of Geneva (World Medical Association): a) is a revision of three main principles of Medical Ethics b) is a modern equivalent of Hippocratic Oath c) intended to prevent the abuse of psychiatry for political purposes d) was adopted in 1988
b)
The World Medical Association`s (WMA`s) second task was: a) to adopt the Declaration of Helsinki (1997-2000) b) to develop the International Code of Medical Ethics c) to ensure more salaries for the physicians d) to achieve the highest standards of ethical behaviour in medical care
b)
The first Law on animal protection (1876) was called: a) "Animal Freedom Law" b) "Cruelty to Animals Act" c) "Animal Protection Bill" d) "Animal vs Human Law"
b)
The most important International conventions and declarations; the Code of Nuremberg: a) legalization of experiments on humans without their consent b) was developed in 1947 c) was developed in 1957 d) was developed immediately after the First World War
b)
WMA Declaration on the rights of the patient (2005) reports: a) euthanasia is a legal part of medical care b) the physician should always act according to his/her conscience and always in the best interests of the patient c) this is the sum of duty: do nothing to others which would cause you pain if done to you d) no dialogue between the religions without global ethical standards
b)
What is INCORRECT relating to the issue "Human as source of social values"? a) biological compensation (blood, cells, tissues, organs) b) diagnostic and protection substances c) the ethical status of the dead body d) biologic material to human reproduction
b)
What is autonomia (autonomy)? a) a requirement to do maximal good for the welfare of an ill or healthy person b) respectability of the patient c) no discrimination of patients by gender, race, religion d) a requirement for exclusion of any damage of health
b)
What is in vitro fertilization? a) the same as artificial insemination by donor using ethical principle of autonomy b) the method which allows in vitro fertilization of ova to be removed laparoscopically and subsequent return them to uterus c) the method of AIDS treatment d) the test for absence of chronic diseases and familial abnormalities
b)
What is the Declaration of Oslo (WMA, 1970) about? a) preventing the abuse of psychiatry for political purposes b) therapeutic termination of pregnancy c) ethics in resuscitation and intensive medicine d) ethical principles for research on animals
b)
Which are the presumptions to biomedical research involving human subjects: a) independence results, risk maximizing b) social aim, capability, inevitability, informed consent c) international biomedical research only, medical faculties only d) no responsibility for potential loss, paternalism
b)
Which is the main principle of Hippocratic Oath? a) informed consent of the patient b) holy respect regarding to life c) respect to Gods d) paternalism
b)
Which is the possible danger of genetic research to life of the population? a) psychiatric diseases increasing b) new types of biological weapons c) environmental chemical pollution d) no danger
b)
Who was the founder of global ethics principle? a) Hippocrates (Ancient Greece) b) prof. Dr. Hans Kung (Germany) c) mons. Mario Giordana (Italy) d) Mr. Barack Obama (USA)
b)
Application of genetically engineered plants and microorganisms for protecting fruits is: a) inevitable b) ethically acceptable c) ethically discussible d) must be controlled by the Commission of Genetic Therapy
c)
Bioethics is: a) study of processes in the wild b) philosophical science on ethics in biology c) philosophical science on principle of doing good for humans and the whole nature d) the same as environmental ethics
c)
Ethical requirements to the medical profession - find ONE INCORRECT: a) corporeal fund b) mental hygiene c) paternalism d) responsibility
c)
Ethical requirements to the medical profession - find ONE INCORRECT: a) corporeal fund b) mental hygiene c) unfairness d) responsibility
c)
Ethics is a philosophy of: a) politics b) plurality c) morality d) government institutions
c)
Find the INCORRECT sentence in the charter of rights of hospitalized children (UNICEF): a) children should be admitted to a hospital only, if the required care cannot be granted at home b) children and parents have the right to be informed c) children should be nursed together with adults d) the hospital staff should ensure the continuity of health care
c)
Find the INCORRECT sentence: a) medical ethics has 4+1 basic principles b) basic ethical principles are: beneficialness, harmlessness, autonomy, justice, informed consent c) the informed consent is not a part of ethics d) harmlessness is a requirement for exclusion of any damage of health
c)
Hippocrates lived: a) B.C.E. (before the Christian Era) in Ancient Roma b) in the 5th century of C.E. (Christian Era) in Ancient Roma c) B.C.E. (before the Christian Era) in Ancient Greece d) in the 5th century of C.E. (Christian Era) in Ancient Greece
c)
Hippocrates was: a) a Greek philosopher who is regarded as a founder of dialectics b) a God of death and post-mortem decomposition c) a Greek physician who is regarded as a founder of medical ethics d) a physician from Ancient Roma who is regarded as a founder of medical law
c)
Interference to limit human reproduction is: a) embryo transfer (ET) b) prenatal genetic diagnostics and other investigations c) artificial termination of pregnancy d) artificial insemination (fecundation)
c)
Landmarks of the era of Bioethics include: a) bioethical issues of forensic medicine b) industrial revolution in England c) bioethical issues of organ transplantation and end-of-life care d) bioethical dilemmas of surgery
c)
Landmarks of the era of Bioethics include: a) development of new methods of computer tomography b) socialist revolution in France c) bioethical issues of Darwinism d) bioethical dilemmas of physiology
c)
Medical ethics is a: a) professional ethics for physicians only b) medical science on psychology of hospital staff c) professional ethics arises from aims, modes and results of health care d) descriptive ethics used in psychiatry
c)
One of the main tasks of the physician by informed consent is: a) to discharge the patient out of hospital b) to indicate a cosmetic surgery operation c) to gain the patient`s active cooperation d) to achieve the agreement for transplantation
c)
Rights of patients - confidentiality and privacy - what is CORRECT? a) patients can be strictly confidential towards medical workers b) the confidentiality of a patient is given by the Nuremberg Code c) all information about a patient`s health status must be kept confidential, even after death d) patients have to get medical care in private hospitals
c)
The Charter of rights of hospitalized children (UNICEF) was developed in: a) 1947 b) 1955 c) 1988 d) 2003
c)
The Declaration on the Promotion of Patient's Rights in Europe (WHO, Amsterdam) was developed in: a) 1947 b) 1967 c) 1994 d) 2008
c)
The World Medical Association`s (WMA`s) first task was: a) to ensure the independence of patients b) to ensure the independence of physicians c) to update the Hippocratic Oath for modern use d) to achieve the highest standards of ethical behaviour in medical care
c)
The most important International conventions and declarations: the Code of Nuremberg - find the INCORRECT answer: a) prohibition of experiments on humans without their consent b) was developed in 1947 c) was signed by J. F. Kennedy (USA) d) was influenced by Nazi Germany experiments on humans
c)
What is "animal experimentation"? a) every use of animals in medicine b) the cruel scientific experimentation on animals c) every use of animals for scientific purposes d) use of chemical substances (poisons) on animals
c)
What is CORRECT for global ethics principle? a) no peace among the nations without rising economy b) no survival of our Globe without global religion c) no peace among the nations without peace among the religions d) the differences between nations are ethically inacceptable
c)
What is a "laboratory animal"? a) every animal living in a laboratory b) small animal in a laboratory cage c) artificially bred animal for experimental aims d) animal using the laboratory food
c)
What is conscience of physician? a) the competence to the medical rank and scientific research b) sympathetic, pleasant behaviour without discrimination c) the inborn basis-coded demand of the protection of life and health developed lifelong d) the proper communication with patients, relatives and colleagues
c)
What is informed consent? a) requirement for exclusion of any, intentional or non-intentional, damage of health b) the positive discrimination of patients by gender, race, religion c) the permission of the mentally competent patient to medical care on the basis of instructions and explanations of the doctor d) the requirement to do maximal good for the welfare of an ill or healthy person
c)
What is justicia (justice)? a) a requirement to do maximal good for the welfare of an ill or healthy person b) respectability of the patient c) no discrimination of patients by gender, race, religion d) a requirement for exclusion of any damage of health
c)
What is nanoethics? a) the ethical implications of electronic microsopical investigations b) the same as microethics c) the ethical and social implications of nanotechnologies d) the medical science on nanotechnologies in vital tissues
c)
What is the principle of legal similar action? a) the action is the same as the reaction in doctor-patient dialogue b) a conflict between old "capitalist" and revolutionary "socialist" bioethics c) in making decisions, it is helpful to know what other physicians would do in similar situations d) no one is a believer until he desires for his brother that which he desires for himself
c)
Which is NOT an ethical requirement to the medical profession? a) physical and mental health b) sociableness, empathy, self-confidence, sympathy, communicativity c) paternalism d) responsibility
c)
Which is the Golden Rule in world religions? a) "Recite an obligatory prayer each day" b) "Fasting is an act of willing abstinence from all food" c) "Do not do to others what you do not want them to do to you" d) "We get to do all of the things, that makes God happy"
c)
Which is the major achievement of genetic research? a) neuroethics b) nanoethics c) biotechnology d) thanatology
c)
Biomedical research - find one INCORRECT answer: a) clinical and non-clinical b) clinical - undertaken together with patient care c) non-clinical = non-therapeutic d) non-clinical - direct benefit for the subject involved
d)
Descriptive ethics is a study of: a) descriptions in government regulations b) ethical dilemmas in biology c) ethical dilemmas in psychiatry d) real behaviour of people
d)
Find one INCORRECT sentence in ethics-genetics interaction: a) findings by Mendel, Landsteiner, Morgan evoked no social reaction b) progress in identification, inheritance, paternity tests evokes more social reaction c) Gene therapy and cloning evoked intense social reaction d) The Human Free Will Gene exists and is socially essential
d)
Find the INCORRECT sentence: The role of ethical issues in biomedical research is evident due to: a) emergence of new powerful biotechnology developments b) elaboration of international regulations in the area of biomedical research c) safeguarding the integrity and dignity of human subjects involved in research studies d) establishment of committees on agriculture
d)
Hippocrates was: a) the founder of Hippocratic University of Medicine b) the founder of Hippocratic School of Medicine c) the founder of medical statistics algorithms d) the famous Greek pathologist
d)
Human rights in health care - find the INCORRECT declaration: a) everyone has the right to respect his or her privacy b) everyone has the right to respect of his or her person as a human being c) everyone has the right to receive the same basal health care d) the informed consent of the patient is a prerequisite for any medical intervention
d)
Interference to stimulate human reproduction is: a) artificial termination of pregnancy b) sterilization c) anticonception d) in vitro fertilization (IVF)
d)
Landmarks of the era of Bioethics include: a) development of instrumental methods of investigation b) industrial revolution in Europe c) development of new methods of microscopy d) bioethical issues of beginning of life and assisted reproduction
d)
Neuroethics DOES NOT have the following key issue: a) brain interventions b) brain imaging c) pharmacological enhancement d) etiology of psychical disorders
d)
The first document in USA (1985) for cats and dogs protection was called: a) "Animal Freedom Act" b) "Animal Protection Bill" c) "Cruelty to Animals Law" d) "Animal Welfare Act"
d)
The most important International conventions and declarations: the Declaration of Helsinki (find the INCORRECT answer): a) contains recommendations on Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects b) was developed in 1964-1989 c) assembled by the World Medical Association d) intended to prevent the abuse of psychiatry for political purposes
d)
What is INCORRECT about informed consent? a) the consent of mentally incompetent persons is given by their legal representatives b) by a patient in a life threatening state - his/her consent is expected c) one of the main tasks by informed consent is to gain the patient`s active cooperation d) the physicians do not need consent of mentally incompetent persons
d)
What is INCORRECT for global ethics principle? a) no peace among the nations without peace among the religions b) no peace among the religions without dialogue between the religions c) no dialogue between the religions without global ethical standards d) no survival of our Globe without global economy
d)
What is non-maleficiencia (harmlessness)? a) a requirement to do maximal good for the welfare of an ill or healthy person b) respectability of the patient c) no discrimination of patients by gender, race, religion d) a requirement for exclusion of any damage of health
d)
What is self-confidence in relation to a medical worker? a) sufficient salary b) the competence to the medical rank c) sympathetic, pleasant behaviour d) the same as self-sacrificing
d)
Which expression is CORRECT: a) the interests and welfare of the human being shall not prevail over the sole interest of society or science b) an intervention in the health field may only be carried out after the person concerned has given a free and informed consent to it c) the person concerned cannot freely withdraw consent at any time d) the discrimination against a person on the basis of his/her genetic heritage is not prohibited
d)
Why medical ethics differs from one country to another? a) due to language differences b) due to different level of advanced medical technologies c) due to the same legal normatives in the health policy d) due to activities of political representatives towards to the medical science
d)