Medical Sociology Test 1

In 2004, the average infant in the U.S. could be expected to live for ____years. Today its ____ years. In 1900 it was only ____ years.

- 77.7 - 78.9 - 47

How does the World Health Organization define health?

-Physical -Mental -Social

What does CDC stand for?

Centers for Disease Control

There are things in everyday life that slowly identify as medicine. This is referred to as _______.

Medicalization

morbidity

illness

Results have shown that the equalization of health care alone has _____the disparity in health between social classes.

not reduced

The epidemiologist studies both the _____and ______of health problems in a population.

origin, distribution

In Rosenstock's model, what would be an example of an external trigger?

Mass media

_______ suggests two major types of stress are: _______ ______ and ______ _______.

- Perlin - Life events (Marriage divorce, death) - Chronic strains (Role overload, being a patient, being a mom, child)

Be familiar with the different types of suicide (according to Durkheim)

1. Anomic - norms are not in line. 2. Egoistic - detached from societ. 3. Artruistic - suicide bombers, too attached to society

What order did the first three epidemiological eras appear?

1. Sanitary era 2. Infectious disease era 3. Chronic illnesses 4. Eco epidemiological prevention

40. Be familiar with Cooley's "looking glass self." It is when self-concepts are a direct result of our interactions with others. There are 3 Stages:

1. We imagine how we portray ourselves to others 2. Society reacts to us 3. We take the info in from the reaction and we come up with a new self image and might change our behavior

Woman's reproductive role accounts for less than ____percent of all doctor visits.

20

By 2050 it is projected that __%of all Americans will be 65 and older.

20.7

Today, women outlive men by how many years?

5 years

Which stage of Suchman's concept of the illness experience requires decision-making by the sick person?

All stages. However it lessons, it's a different level at each stage. If your illness is terminal, then doctor will take over more

What is a "case" in epidemiological terms?

An episode of a disorder illness or injury involving an individual

For all causes of death,______have the lowest death rates.

Asian Americans

____babies die more often than _____babies.

Black/boy, white/girl

AIDS potentially entered the United States through what country?

Congo to Heidi to USA

What is the most dangerous job in the United States?

Deep sea/commercial fishing

Which SES factor is the strongest single predictor of good health?

Education

What are the components of self-care?

Health and illness behaviors.

Medical sociologists divide health-oriented behavior into two general categories: _____behavior and ____behavior.

Health, illness

What is the leading cause of death in the United States, accounting for more than one-third of all deaths?

Heart Disease

What is the most prevalent health problem of persons over the age of 65?

Heart disease

____is the leading cause of death for women after age 66.

Heart disease

How is AIDS primarily transmitted in Africa?

Heterosexual relations

What minority group is most likely to use hospital emergency rooms as their primary source of medical services?

Hispanic

Which group has the highest percentage of persons without health insurance?

Hispanics

What caused the prevalence of STDs to soar around the globe?

Introduction of Birth control, sexual liberation HIPPY movement, migrant work, poverty/survival sex

The theory of the _______maintains that our self-concepts are the result of social interaction in which we see ourselves reflected in other people.

Looking glass self

Which social class visits physicians the most?

Lower class

Who are exposed to more violence in their daily lives and find themselves in situation where stress, inadequate diets and housing, and less opportunity for quality health care are common?

Lower class/poor people

The work of what two scholars linked the poor health of the English working class to capitalism in a treatise published in 1845?

Marx and Engle

What federal program provides health insurance to those 65 years and older? __________ is based on income. People can be eligible for both at same time.

Medicare, Medicaid

Which social class visits doctors the least?

Middle class

What factors promote self-care on the part of laypersons?

More and more people live with chronic illness, attitude of managing the disease, look for alternative methods.

For all causes of death________have the highest death rates.

Non Hispanic Blacks

What is the sick role?

Norms and Values expected when sick. Exemptions from social responsibility. Obligations to get better, see a doctor "gatekeeper" to get a legitimate diagnosis

Master Status

One role in society you are most known for (it can be sickness)

How does the neighborhood you live in produce good or poor health?

Overall it's the access to resources

Which scholar initially provided a theoretical approach for medical sociology?

Parsons

Hippocratic Oath

Physicians swear they will help the sick and refrain from intentional harm

Several studies find that the strongest and most consistent predictor of a person's health and life expectancy is_____.

SES

A major factor causing the infant mortality differences between blacks and whites is ______.

SES, specifically poverty

One of the greatest threats worldwide, from infectious diseases, comes from what?

STD's. HIV/AIDS is the leading infectious cause of mortality worldwide.

What is the most common response to symptoms of illness by people throughout the world?

Self care

People who become infected with HIV may be subjected to discrimination which can isolate them socially. What is this social outcome called?

Stigma

Where is equality in living conditions among the best in the world?

Swedan and Iceland

In which study were syphilis patients intentionally not treated and allowed to die?

Tastike study

What important concept did Talcott Parsons's book The Social System contain?

The Sick Role

mortality

death

Parsons views sickness as _______ (not normal) this is why you're expected to get better.

deviant

The interaction between life choices and life chances produces _____toward particular forms of action. These constitute a "habitus" according to Bourdieu.

disposition

Brenner's thesis is that there are few areas of our lives not intimately affected by the state of the ____.

economy

According to the World Health Organization, significant improvements in health in the nineteenth century were brought about by what might be called _____methods

engineering (new sanitation)

Weber maintains that ______influence life conduct/life choices.

life chances

The ______in sub-Saharan Africa plays a particularly important role in the transmission of AIDS.

monkeys

Health lifestyles activities typically take place ____ the health care delivery system.

outside

two types of bioterrorism

overt (out in open) and covert (behind closed doors)

According to the World Health Organization, we are currently living in the _____era.

post medical

Putman defines _____as a community-level resource reflected in social relationships involving networks, but also norms, and levels of trust.

social capitol

Compared to women, men usually have substantial health inferiority in terms of life expectancy because of the combination of two major effects: biological and _l_____effects.

social phsycologica

Social status is a _____dimension in "social class" consisting of how much esteem the person is accorded by other people?

subjective